Insecticidal Aryl Pyrrolidines

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides novel aryl pyrrolidines having an excellent insecticidal action as insecticides. Aryl pyrrolidines represented by the formula (I) and use thereof as insecticide.

The present invention relates to novel aryl pyrrolidines and the use thereof as insecticides.

WO2005/085216 describes that isoxazoline substituted benzamide compounds are useful as pest control agents.

The inventors were dedicated to studying to develop novel compounds exhibiting higher effects and a broad spectrum against animal pests, such as insects and acari. As a result, the inventors found novel aryl pyrrolidines showing an excellent, i.e. high activity, having a broad spectrum and are harmless to beneficial insects, such as bees, as well as effective against insect pests. Particularly to such insects which are resistant to insecticides, such as organophosphorus or carbamate agents.

The compounds according to the invention are represented by formula (I)

wherein

-   X which may be same or different, represents halogen, haloalkyl,     nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, cyano, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,     alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylthio, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl,     hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, alkylcarbonylamino,     haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, alkoxy-carbonylamino,     haloalkoxycarbonylamino, alkylsulfonylamino or     haloalkylsulfonylamino; -   Y which may be same or different, represents halogen, haloalkyl,     nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, cyano, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl,     alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylthio, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl,     hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, alkylcarbonylamino,     haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, alkoxy-carbonylamino,     haloalkoxycarbonylamino, alkylsulfonylamino or     haloalkylsulfonylamino; -   R represents alkyl or haloalkyl; -   m represents 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; -   n represents 1, 2, 3 or 4; -   G is selected from the group consisting of

wherein

-   R¹ and R² each independently represents hydrogen; optionally     substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl or alkylsulfonyl;     haloalkylsulfonyl or CH₂—R⁷; or when taken together represent C₂₋₄     alkylene; -   R³ and R⁴ each independently represents hydrogen; cyano; optionally     substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl; or when taken     together represent C₂₋₆ alkylene; -   l represents 1, 2 or 3; -   R⁵ represents hydrogen; alkyl; optionally substituted cycloalkyl;     haloalkyl; cyano; alkenyl; alkynyl; alkylcarbonyl or CH₂—R⁷; -   R⁶ represents formyl, cyano, alkylcarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl,     haloalkylcarbonyl, haloalkylthiocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl,     alkylaminothiocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl,     dialkylaminothiocarbonyl, alkoxyaminocarbonyl,     alkoxyaminothiocarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxythiocarbonyl,     thioalkoxycarbonyl, thioalkoxythiocarbonyl, CO—R⁷, CS—R⁷,     alkylsulfonyl or haloalkylsulfonyl; or alternatively -   R⁵ and R⁶ when taken together with the nitrogen to which they are     attached to form a 3-6 membered ring which contains at least one N     atom and, optionally at least another heteroatom selected from S and     O, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with keto or thioketo; -   or the group consisting of the heterocycles G1 to G9:

-   Z which may be same or different, represents halogen, haloalkyl,     nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, cyano, haloalkoxy, alkylsulfonyl,     haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl or mercapto; -   k¹ represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; -   k² represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; -   k² represents 0, 1 or 2; -   k⁴ represents 0 or 1; -   R⁷ represents phenyl or heterocyclic ring, which are optionally     substituted with at least one substituent selected from halogen and     C₁₋₆ alkyl; and -   A represents C or N.

Among the compounds of formula (I) of the invention, preferred compounds are compounds of formula (Ia)

-   wherein X, Y, R, A, G, Y, n and m are as defined above.

Among the compounds of the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the invention, further preferred compounds are those wherein

-   X which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₆     haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy,     C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆     haloalkylthio, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfonyl,     hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₆     haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonylamino,     C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₆     haloalkylsulfonylamino; -   Y which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₆     haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy,     C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆     haloalkylthio, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfonyl,     hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₆     haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonylamino,     C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₆     haloalkylsulfonylamino; -   R represents C₁₋₆ alkyl or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; -   m represents 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; -   n represents 0, 1, 2, or 4; -   G is selected from the group consisting of

-   or group consisting of the G1 to G9:

wherein

-   R¹ and R² each independently represents hydrogen; optionally     substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl;     C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfonyl or CH₂—R⁷; or when taken     together represent C₂₋₆ alkylene; -   R³ and R⁴ each independently represents hydrogen, cyano; optionally     substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl;     or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl; or when taken together represent C₂₋₆     alkylene; -   l represents 1 or 2 or 3; -   R⁵ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; optionally substituted C₃₋₇     cycloalkyl; C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; cyano; C₂₋₆ alkenyl; C₂₋₆ alkynyl; C₁₋₆     alkylcarbonyl; or CH₂—R⁷; -   R⁶ represents formyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆     alkylthiocarbonyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl-carbonyl, C₁₋₆     haloalkylthiocarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkylaminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆     alkylaminothio-carbonyl, dialkylamino-carbonyl having from 2 to 8     carbonatoms, dialkylaminothio-carbonyl having from 2 to 8 carbon     atoms, C₁₋₆ alkoxyaminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyaminothiocarbonyl, C₁₋₆     alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxythiocarbonyl, C₁₋₆ thioalkoxycarbonyl,     C₁₋₆ thioalkoxythiocarbonyl, CO—R⁷, CS—R⁷, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl or     C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfonyl; or -   R⁵ and R⁶ when taken together with the nitrogen to which they are     attached to form a 3-6 membered ring which contains at least one N     atom and, optionally at least another heteroatom selected from S and     O, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with keto or thioketo; -   Z which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₆     haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy,     C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl or mercapto; -   k¹ represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; -   k² represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; -   k³ represents 0 or 1; -   k⁴ represents 0 or 1; -   R⁷ represents phenyl or a heterocyclic ring, which are optionally     substituted with at least one substituent selected from fluorine,     chlorine, bromine, iodine and C₁₋₆ alkyl; and -   A represents C or N.

Further preferred compounds of the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the invention are such compounds wherein

-   X which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₆     haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy,     C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆     haloalkylthio, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfonyl,     hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₆     haloalkylcarbonylamino,benzoylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₆     haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₆     haloalkylsulfonylamino; -   Y which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₆     haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy,     C₁₋₆ alkylthio, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆     haloalkylthio, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfonyl,     hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₆     haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonylamino,     C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₆     haloalkylsulfonylamino; -   R represents C₁₋₆ alkyl or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; -   m represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; -   n represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; -   G is selected from the group consisting of

-   or the group consisting of the heterocycles G1 to G9:

R¹ and R² each independently represents hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl which may be substituted, C₂₋₆ alkenyl which may be substituted, C₂₋₆ alkynyl which may, be substituted, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl which may be substituted, C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfonyl or CH₂—R⁷; or when taken together represent C₃₋₅ alkylene;

-   R³ and R⁴ each independently represents hydrogen, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl     which may be substituted, C₂₋₆ alkenyl which may be substituted,     C₂₋₆ alkynyl which may be substituted, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl which may be     substituted or C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl; or when taken together     represent C₃₋₅ alkylene; -   l represents 1 or 2; -   R³ represents hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl which may be     substituted, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, cyano, C₂₋₆ alkenyl, C₂₋₆ alkynyl, C₁₋₆     alkyl-carbonyl or CH₂—R⁷; -   R⁶ represents formyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl, C₁₋₆     alkylthio-carbonyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl-carbonyl, C₁₋₆     haloalkylthio-carbonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino-carbonyl, C₁₋₆     alkylaminothio-carbonyl, dialkylamino-carbonyl having from 2 to 8     carbonatoms, dialkylaminothio-carbonyl having from 2 to 8 carbon     atoms, C₁₋₆ alkoxyamino-carbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxyaminothio-carbonyl,     C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxythio-carbonyl, C₁₋₆     thioalkoxy-carbonyl, C₁₋₆ thioalkoxythio-carbonyl, CS—R⁷, C₁₋₆     alkylsulfonyl or C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfonyl; or alternatively -   R⁵ and R⁶ when taken together with the nitrogen to which they are     attached to form a 3-6 membered ring which contains at least one N     atom and, optionally at least another heteroatom selected from S and     O, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with keto or thioketo; -   Z which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₆     haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy,     C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl or mercapto; -   k¹ represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; -   k² represents 0, 1 or 2; -   k³ represents 0 or 1; -   k⁴ epresents 0 or 1; -   R⁷ represents phenyl or a heterocyclic ring, which are optionally     substituted with at least one substituent selected from fluorine,     chlorine, bromine, and C₁₋₆ alkyl; and -   A represents C or N.

Among those compounds of the formula (1) or formula (Ia), particularly preferable are compounds wherein

-   X which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₄     haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy,     C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄     haloalkylthio, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl,     hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₄ alkyl-carbonylamino, C₁₋₄     haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₄ alkoxycarbonylamino, C₁₋₄     haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₄     haloalkylsulfonylamino; -   Y which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₄     haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy,     C₁₋₄ alkylthio, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄     haloalkylthio, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl,     hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₄ alkyl-carbonylamino, C₁₋₄     haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₄ alkoxy-carbonylamino,     C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₄     haloalkylsulfonylamino; -   R represents C₁₋₄ alkyl or C₁₋₄ haloalkyl; -   m represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; -   n represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; -   G is selected from the group consisting of

-   or the group consisting of the heterocycles G1 to G9:

-   R¹ and R² each independently represents hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl which     may be substituted, C₂₋₄ alkenyl which may be substituted, C₂₋₄     alkynyl which may be substituted, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl which may be     substituted, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl or CH₂R⁷; or     when taken together represent C₃₋₅ alkylene; -   R³ and R⁴ each independently represents hydrogen, cyano, C₁₋₄ alkyl     which may be substituted, C₂₋₄ alkenyl which may be substituted,     C₂₋₄ alkynyl which may be substituted, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl which may be     substituted or C₁₋₄ alkoxy-carbonyl; or when taken together     represent C₃₋₅ alkylene; -   l represents 1 or 2; -   R⁵ represents hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl which may be     substituted, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, cyano, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₁₋₄     alkyl-carbonyl or CH₂—R⁷; -   R⁶ represents formyl, cyano, C₁₋₄ alkyl-carbonyl, C₁₋₄     alkylthio-carbonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl-carbonyl, C₁₋₄     haloalkylthiocarbonyl, C₁₋₄ alkylamino-carbonyl, C₁₋₄     alkylaminothio-carbonyl, dialkylamino-carbonyl having from 2 to 8     carbonatoms, dialkylaminothio-carbonyl having from 2 to 8 carbon     atoms, C₁₋₄ alkoxyamino-carbonyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyaminothio-carbonyl,     C₁₋₄ alkoxy-carbonyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxythio-carbonyl, C₁₋₄     thioalkoxy-carbonyl, C₁₋₄ thioalkoxythio-carbonyl, CO—R⁷, CS—R⁷,     C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl or C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl; or alternatively -   R⁵ and R⁶ when taken together with the nitrogen to which they are     attached to form a 3-6 membered ring which contains at least one N     atom and, optionally at least another heteroatom selected from S and     O, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with keto or thioketo; -   Z which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₄     haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy,     C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl or mercapto; -   k¹ represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; -   k² represents 0, 1 or 2; -   k³ represents 0 or 1; -   k⁴ represents 0 or 1; -   R⁷ represents phenyl or a heterocyclic ring, which are optionally     substituted with at least one substituent selected from fluorine,     chlorine, bromine, and C₁₋₄ alkyl; and

In an embodiment of the invention the compounds of the the formula (1) or formula (1a) are compounds wherein

-   X which may be same or different, represents chlorine, fluorine,     bromine, trifluormethyl, difluormethyl, fluormethyl, nitro, methyl,     ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, t-butyl, 2-methyl-propyl, methoxy,     ethoxy, propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, t-butoxy, 2-methyl-propoxy,     cyano, trifluormethoxy, difluormethyoxy, fluormethyoxy, thiomethyl,     thioethyl, thiopropyl, thio-i-propyl, thiobutyl, thio-t-butyl,     2-methyl-thiopropyl, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, propylsulfinyl,     i-propylsulfinyl, butylsulfinyl, t-butylsulfinyl,     2-methyl-propylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, ethylsuIfonyl,     propylsuIfonyl, i-propyIsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, t-butylsufonyl,     2-methyl-propylsulfonyl, trifluormethylthio, trifluormethylsulfinyl,     trifluormethylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino,     methylcarbonylamino, ethylcarbonylamino, propylcarbonylamino,     i-propylcarbonylamino, butylcarbonylamino, t-butylcarbonylamino,     2-methyl-propylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, methoxy-carbonylamino,     ethoxy-carbonylamino, propoxy-carbonylamino,     i-propoxy-carbonylamino, butyoxy-carbonylamino,     t-butyloxy-carbonylamino, 2-methyl-propoxy-carbonylamino,     trifluormethoxycarbonylamino, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₄     haloalkylsulfonylamino; -   Y which may be same or different, represents chlorine, fluorine,     bromine, iodine, trifluormethyl, difluormethyl, fluormethyl, nitro,     methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, t-butyl, 2-methyl-propyl,     methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, t-butoxy,     2-methyl-propoxy, cyano, trifluormethoxy, difluormethyoxy,     fluormethyoxy, thiomethyl, thioethyl, thiopropyl, thio-i-propyl,     thiobutyl, thio-t-butyl, 2-methyl-thiopropyl, methylsulfinyl,     ethylsulfinyl, propylsulfinyl, i-propylsulfinyl, butylsulfinyl,     t-butylsulfinyl, 2-methyl-propylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl,     ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, i-propylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl,     t-butylsulfonyl, 2-methyl-propylsulfonyl, trifluormethylthio,     trifluormethylsuIfinyl, trifluormethylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto,     amino, trifluormethylcarbonylamino, methylcarbonylamino,     ethylcarbonylamino, propylcarbonylamino, i-propylcarbonylamino,     butylcarbonylamino, t-butylcarbonylamino,     2-methyl-propylcarbonylamino, 2,2,2,-trichlorethylcarbonyl amino,     benzoylamino, methoxy-carbonylamino, ethoxy-carbonylamino,     propoxy-carbonylamino, i-propoxy-carbonylamino,     butyloxy-carbonylamino, t-butyloxy-carbonylamino,     2-methyl-propoxy-carbonylamino, trifluormethoxycarbonylamino, C₁₋₄     alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonylamino; -   R represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, t-butyl,     2-methyl-propyl or trifluormethyl, difluormethyl, fluormethyl; -   m represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; -   n represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; -   G represents:

-   or alternatively represents the following heterocycles of G1-G9:

-   R¹ and R³ each independently represents hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl which     may be substituted, C₂₋₄ alkenyl which may be substituted, C₂₋₄     alkynyl which may be substituted, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl which may be     substituted, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyl or CH₂—R⁷;     or when taken together represent C₃₋₅ alkylene; -   R³ and R⁴ each independently represents hydrogen, cyano, C₁₋₄ alkyl     which may be substituted, C₂₋₄ alkenyl which may be substituted,     C₂₋₄ alkynyl which may be substituted, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl which may be     substituted or C₁₋₄ alkoxy-carbonyl; or when taken together     represent C₃₋₅ alkylene; -   l represents 1 or 2; -   R³ represents hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl which may be     substituted, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl, cyano, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₁₋₄     alkyl-carbonyl or CH₂—R⁷; -   R⁶ represents formyl, cyano, C₁₋₄ alkyl-carbonyl, C₁₋₄     alkylthio-carbonyl, C₁₋₄ haloalkyl-carbonyl, C₁₋₄     haloalkylthio-carbonyl, alkylamino-carbonyl,     alkylaminothio-carbonyl, dialkylamino-carbonyl having from 2 to 6     carbon atoms, dialkylaminothio-carbonyl having from 2 to 6 carbon     atoms, C₁₋₄ alkoxyamino-carbonyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxyaminothio-carbonyl,     C₁₋₄ alkoxy-carbonyl, alkoxythio-carbonyl, thioalkoxy-carbonyl, C₁₋₄     thioalkoxythio-carbonyl, CO—R⁷, CS—R⁷, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyl or C₁₋₄     haloalkylsulfonyl; or alternatively -   Z which may be same or different, represents chlorine, bromine or     iodine, trifluormethyl, nitro, methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl,     butyl, t-butyl, 2-methyl-propyl, cyano; -   k³ represents 0 or 1; -   k⁴ represents 0 or 1; -   R⁷ represents phenyl which may be substituted or a heterocyclic ring     selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, pyrolidinyl,     imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrimidinyl, and     triazinyl which may be substituted, wherein the substituent is at     least one selected from chlorine, bromine, iodine and methyl, ethyl,     i-propyl, n-propyl, 2-methyl propyl, n-butyl and t-butyl; and -   A represents C.

The compounds of the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the present invention have asymmetric carbons, and thus encompass optical isomers.

As used herein, “alkyl” refers to linear or branched C₁₋₁₂ alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, n-, iso-, sec-, or tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl and the like, preferably refers to C₁₋₆ alkyl.

As used herein, “haloalkyl” refers to alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbonatoms, preferably 1 to 6 or 1 to 4 carbon atoms in which at least on hydrogen atom is exchanged by a halogen. Suitable haloalkyls are for example CH2F, CHF2, CF3, CF2Cl, CFCl2, CF2Br, CF2CF3, CFHCF3, CH2CF3, CFClCF3, CCl2CF3, CF2CH3, CF2CH2F, CF2CHF2, CF2CF2Cl, CF2CF2Br, CFHCH3, CFHCH2F, CFHCHF2, CHFCF3, CHFCF2Cl, CHFCF2Br, CH2CF3, CFClCF3, CCl2CF3, CF2CF2CF3, CH2CF2CF3, CF2CH2CF3, CF2CF2CH3, CHFCF2CF3, CF2CHFCF3, CF2CF2CHF2, CF2CF2CH2F, CF2CF2CF2Cl, CF2CF2CF2Br. The haloalkyl moiety can be substituted by at least one suitable substituent.

As used herein, “alkoxy” refers to alkoxy groups having 1 to 12 carbonatoms, preferably 1 to 6 or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Suitable alkoxy groups are for example methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-, iso-, sec-oder tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, oder hexyloxy. The alkoxy moiety can be substituted by at least one suitable substituent.

Each alkyl moiety in each group having alkyl as a part of its configuration may additionally be illustrated by those same as described for “alkyl” above.

“Acylamino” represents, for example, alkylcarbonylamino, cyclopropylcarbonylamino and benzoylamino, wherein alkyl moiety may be illustrated by those same as described for “alkyl” above.

“Halogen” and each halogen moiety in each group substituted with halogen refer to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably refer to fluorine, chlorine or bromine.

“Cycloalkyl” refers to C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, preferably refers to C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl.

“Alkenyl” refers to C₂₋₅ alkenyl such as vinyl, allyl, 1-propenyl, 1-(or 2- or 3-)butenyl, 1-pentenyl, preferably refers to C₂₋₄ alkenyl.

“Alkynyl” refers to C₂₋₅ alkynyl such as ethynyl, propargyl, 1-propynyl, butane-3-ynyl, pentane-4-ynyl and the like, preferably refers to C₂₋₄ alkynyl.

A “heterocyclic group” refers to a 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic group containing at least one hetero atom selected from N, O or S, wherein said ring also refers to a condensed heterocyclic group which may be benzo-condensed.

Heterocyclic groups are for example furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxathiazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrolidinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinolyl and the like.

The compounds of the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the invention may be obtained, for example, by the preparation methods (a) to (j) described below.

Preparation method (a) comprises reacting a compound of formula (II)

-   wherein X, R and m have the same meanings as defined herein, with a     compound of formula (III) or formula (III-a)

wherein

-   Y, A, G and n have the same meanings as defined herein, -   L¹ represents halogen or a C₁-C₄ haloalkylsulfonyloxy group.

In an embodiment of the preparation method (a), the compounds of formula (II) and formula (III) or or formula (III-a) are reacted in the presence of a base or in the presence of at least one metallic catalyst.

Preparation methods (b) and (c) for the preparation of compounds according to formula (I) or formula (Ia), wherein G stands for a group —CONR¹R² :

Method (b) comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (IV) or formula (IV-a)

-   wherein X, Y, R, A, m and n have the same meanings as defined     herein, or

a compound represented by the formula (V) or formula (V-a)

-   wherein X, Y, R, A, m and n have the same meanings as defined herein     and L² represents chlorine, bromine, C₁₋₄ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₁₋₄     alkoxycarbonyloxy or azolyl, -   with a compound represented by the formula (VI):

-   wherein R¹ and R² have the same meanings as defined herein, using a     condensation agents, if desired, in the presence of base.

Method (c) comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (Ib) or formula (Ie):

-   wherein X, Y, R, R¹, A, m and n have the same meanings as defined     herein, -   with a compound represented by the formula:

R²-L³ wherein R² has the same meaning as defined herein and L³ represents chlorine, bromine, iodine, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyloxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonyloxy or azolyl, if desired, in the presence of base.

Preparation method (d) for the preparation of compounds according to formula (I) or formula (Ia), wherein G stands for a group —CSNR¹R²:

Method (d) comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (If) or formula (Id):

-   wherein X, Y, R, R¹, R², A, m and n have the same meanings as     defined herein, with sulfating agents.

Preparation methods (e), (f) and (g) for the preparation of compounds according to formula (I) or formula (Ia), wherein G stands for

Method (e) comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (VIII) or formula (VIII-b):

-   wherein X, Y, R, R³, R⁴, A, l, m, n and L³ have the same meanings as     defined herein, with a compound represented by the formula (IX):

-   wherein R⁵ and R⁶ have the same meanings as defined herein, if     desired, in the presence of base.

Method (f) comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (X) or formula (X-a):

-   wherein X, Y, R, R³, R⁴, R⁵, A, l, m and n have the meanings as     defined herein, with a compound represented by the formula:

R⁶-L⁴   (XI)

-   wherein R⁶ has the same meanings as defined herein and L⁴ represents     fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C₁₋₄ alkyl-carbonyloxy, C₁₋₄     alkoxy-carbonyloxy, azolyl, alkylsulfonyloxy, C₁₋₄     haloalkylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonyloxy, if desired, in the presence     of base.

Method (g) comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (Ic) or formula (Ig):

-   wherein X, Y, R, R³, R⁴, R⁶, A, l, m and n have the same meanings as     defined herein, with a compound represented by the formula

R⁵-L⁴   (XII),

-   wherein R⁵ and L⁴ have the same meanings as defined herein, if     desired, in the presence of base.

Preparation method (h) for the preparation of compounds according to formula (I) or formula (Ia), wherein G stands for G1, G6 or G8:

Method (h) comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (XIII) or formula (XIII-a):

wherein X, Y, A, m and n have the same meanings as defined herein, with dialkoxytetrahydrofuran, 1,2-diformylhydrazine or sodium azide and trialkyl orthoformate.

Preparation method (i) for the preparation of compounds according to formula (I) or formula (Ia), wherein G stands for G2:

Method (i) comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (XIV) or formula (XIV-a):

-   wherein X, Y, A, m and n have the same meanings as defined herein,     with 1,1,3,3-tetra alkoxypropane.

Preparation method (j) for the preparation of compounds according to formula (I) or formula (Ia), wherein G stands for G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G8 or G9:

Method (j) comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (XV) or formula (XV-a):

-   wherein X, Y, R, A, m, n and L¹ have the same meanings as defined     herein, with the protonated groups named G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G8 or     G9, namely G2-H, G3-H, G4-H, G5-H, G6-H or G8-H.

According to the present invention, aryl pyrrolidines of the above formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the invention exhibit a potent insecticidal action.

Above mentioned preparation method (a), when using, for example, 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine and N-(4-bromo-2-methylbenzyl)acetamide as starting materials, may be represented by the reaction formula below.

The preparation method (b), when using, for example, 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-nitrobenzoic acid and 2-picolylamine as starting materials, may be represented by the reaction formula below.

The preparation method (c), when using, for example, 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-nitro-N-(pyridine-2-yl-methyl)benzamide and iodomethane as starting materials, may be represented by the reaction formula below.

The preparation method (d), when using, for example, 2-chloro-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-N-(pyridine-2-yl-methyl)benzamide and Lawesson reagent as starting materials, may be represented by the reaction formula below.

The preparation method (e), when using, for example, 1-[4-(bromomethyl)phenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine and benzamide as starting materials, may be represented by the reaction formula below.

The preparation method (f), when using, for example, 1-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl}methanamine and acetyl chloride as starting materials, may be represented by the reaction formula below.

The preparation method (g), when using, for example, N-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]benzyl}acetamide and iodomethane as starting materials, may be represented by the reaction formula below.

The preparation method (h), when using, for example, 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl) aniline and 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran as starting materials, may be represented by the reaction formula below.

The preparation method (i), when using, for example, 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-(4-hydrazinophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine and 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane as starting materials, may be represented by the reaction formula below.

The preparation method (j), when using, for example, 5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-fluorobenzonitrile and 1H-1,2,4-triazole as starting materials, may be represented by the reaction formula below.

Many of the compounds of the formula (II), which are the starting materials in the preparation method (a), are novel compounds and may be synthesized by the method described below. The compound represented by the formula (XVI):

-   wherein X, m and R have the same meanings as defined herein is     reacted with, for example,     N-benzyl-1-methoxy-N-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]methanamine in the     presence of catalysts to obtain the compound represented by the     formula (XVII) below:

-   wherein X, m and R have the same meanings as defined herein, which     is then debenzylated to obtain the compound of the formula (II).

Known compounds having formula (XVI) are for example described in “The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1991, vol. 56, pp. 7336-7340”; “The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1994, vol. 59, pp. 2898-2901”; “Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 1999, vol. 95, pp. 167-170”; “WO2005/05085216A”. Such compounds may also be synthesized by the methods described in these publications.

Representative examples of the compounds of the formula (XVI) include [1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl]benzene; 1-chloro-3-[1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl]benzene; 1-bromo-3-[1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl]benzene; 1-nitro-3-[1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl]benzene; 1-trifluoromethyl-3-[1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl]benzene; 1,3-difluoro-5-[1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl]benzene; 1,3-dichloro-5-[1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl]benzene; 1,3-difluoro-5-[1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl]benzene; 1-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl]benzene; 1,2,3-trichloro-5-[1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl]benzene; or 1,3-dimethyl-2-nitro-5-[1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl]benzene.

Instead of N-benzyl-1-methoxy-N-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]methanamine in the above reaction, N-benzyl-1-butoxy-N-f(trimethylsilyl)methyl]methanamine or N-(butoxymethyl)-N-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]cyclohexylamine may be used. These are well known compounds.

The catalysts used in the above reaction may include trifluoroacetic acid, trimethylsilyl trifluoromethansulfonate, iodotrimethylsilane, cesium fluoride and the like.

The above reaction may be performed according to the methods described in “Chemistry Letters, 1984, 1117-1120” and “Tetrahedron Letters, 1993,34,3279-3282”, and the deprotection reaction such as debenzylation may be performed according to the methods described in “Journal of the Organic Chemistry, 1984,49,2081” and “PROTECTIVE GRLUOS in ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THIRD EDITION, JOHN WILEY & SONS,INC”.

Representative examples of the compounds of the formula (II) in the preparation method (a) include: 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine; 3-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine; 3-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine; 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine.

Many of the compounds of the formula (III) or formula (III-a), which are the starting materials in the preparation method (a), are known compounds, which may be synthesized by the methods well known in organic chemistry.

Represesentativ examples of the compounds of the formula (III) and formula (III-a), respectively, include: N-(4-bromobenzyl)acetamide, N-(4-iodobenzyl)acetamide.

The reaction of the preparation methods (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i) and (j) may be performed in a suitable diluent such as aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g. hexane, cyclohexane, heptane etc.), aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane), aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene etc.), ethers (e.g. diethylether, dibutylether, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrohydrofuran, dioxane etc.), esters (e.g. ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate etc.), amides (e.g. dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone etc.), nitriles (e.g. acetonitrile, propionitrile etc.), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), water or mixed solvents thereof.

The reaction of the preparation methods (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i) and (j) may be performed using the following bases such as alkali metal bases (e.g. lithium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, trimethylsilyl lithium, lithium hexamethyldisilazide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, tripotassium phosphate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium-tert-butoxide and potassium-tert-butoxide etc.), organic bases (e.g. triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, tributylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, 4-tert-butyl-N,N-dimethylaniline, pyridine, picoline, lutidine, diazabicycloundecene, diazabicyclooctane, imidazole etc.).

The preparation methods (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i) and (j) may be performed within in wide temperature range. Generally, it may be performed at the temperature in the range from about −78° C. to about 200° C., preferably from about −10° C. to about 150° C. Said reaction is preferably performed at normal pressure although it may be performed under hight pressure or reduced pressure. The reaction time is from 0.1 to 72 hours, preferably from 0.1 to 24 hours.

The reaction of preparation method (a) may also be performed using suitable metal catalysts such as transition metal catalysts like for example Pd₂(dba)₃, Pd₂(dba)₃CHCl₃ (dba=dibenzylidene acetone), Pd(OAc)₂, CuI, or Cu₂O. If desired, it may be performed using phosphine ligands such as 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphtalene (BINAP), 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (Xantphos) tributylphosphine and the like or amine ligands such as 8-quinolinol, proline, N,N-dimethylglycine and the like.

In performing the preparation method (a), for example, 1 mole of the compound of the formula (II) is reacted with 1 to 3 moles of the compound of the formula (III) or formula (III-a) in the presence of 1 to 3 moles of base and catalytic amount of Pd₂(dba)₃CHCl₃ and Xantphos in a diluent such as toluene to obtain the respective compound of the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the invention.

The compounds of the formula (IV) or formula (IV-a), which are used in the preparation method (b), are novel compounds. They can be synthesized by the methods described below. The compound of formula (II) may be reacted with a compound represented by the formula (XVIII):

-   wherein Y, A, n and L¹ have the same meanings as defined herein, R⁸     represents hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, to obtain a compound represented     by the formula (XIX) or formula (XIX-a):

-   wherein X, Y, R, A, m, n and R⁸ have the same meanings as defined     herein. When R⁸ represents C₁₋₄ alkyl, the compound of above     formula (XIX) or formula (XIX-a) may be hydrolyzed to obtain the     compound of the formula (IV) or formula (IV-a).

The compounds of the formula (XVIII) are known and include for example, the following compounds: methyl 4-iodobenzoate; methyl 4-bromo-2-methylbenzoate; ethyl 2-fluoro-4-iodobenzoate; methyl 2-chloro-4-iodobenzoate; methyl 2-bromo-4-iodobenzoate; methyl 4-fluoro-2-nitrobenzoate; and ethyl 4-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate.

The compounds of the formula (V) or formula (V-a), which are the starting materials in the preparation method (b), are well known compounds.

For example, the compound of formula (IV) or formula (IV-a) may be easily obtained by the method comprising a reaction with a chlorinating agent such as thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride or phosphorus pentachloride, or the method comprising a reaction with an organic halide such as pivaloyl chloride, or the method comprising a reaction with carbonyl diimidazole or sulfonyl imidazole etc.

Representative compounds of the formula (IV) and formula (IV-a), respectively, in the preparation method (b) include:

4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]benzoic acid; 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-nitrobenzoic acid; 4-{3-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2-nitrobenzoic acid; 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid and the like.

Representative compounds of the formula (V) and formula (V-a), respectively, include: 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzoyl chloride; 4-(3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-nitrobenzoylchloride; 4-(3-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethylphenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2-nitrobenzoyl chloride and the like.

The compounds of the formula (VI), which are the starting materials in the preparation method (b), are well known compounds.

Representative examples include: methylamine; ethylamine, cyclopropylamine, propargylamine,

2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine, 2-picolylamine, 3-aminomethyl-6-chloropyridine and the like.

The reaction of the preparation method (b) may be performed using the following condensation agents: 1,3-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide(DCC), 1-ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (WSCI), carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), diethyl cyanophosphate (DEPC), 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide (Mukouyama Reagent) and the like.

In performing the preparation method (b), for example, 1 mole of the compound of the formula (IV) or formula (IV-a) may be reacted with 1 to 3 moles of the compound of the formula (VI) using 1 mole to 3 moles of a condensation agent and, if desired, with catalytic amount of an additive such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole in a diluent (e.g. DMF) to obtain the corresponding compound of the formula (I) or formula (Ia).

The compounds of the formula (Ib) or formula (Ie), which are the starting materials in the preparation method (c), are encompassed in the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the present invention obtained by preparation method (b).

The compounds of the formula (VII), which are the starting materials are well known compounds and specific examples include iodomethane, iodoethane and the like.

In performing the preparation method (c), for example, 1 mole of the compound of the formula (Ib) or formula (Ie) may be reacted with 1 to 5 moles of the compound of the formula (VII) in the presence of base in a diluent (e.g. THF) to obtain the corresponding compound of the formula (I) or formula (Ia).

The compounds of the formula (If) or formula (Id), which are the starting materials in the preparation method (d), are encompassed in the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the present invention obtained by above preparation method (b) or (c).

Sulfurizing agents used in the preparation method (d) may include phosphorus pentasulfide, Lawesson reagent and the like.

In performing the preparation method (d), for example, 1 mole of the compound of the general formula (If) or formula (Id) may be reacted with 0.5 to 3 moles of Lawesson reagent in a diluent (e.g. toluene) to obtain the corresponding compound of the formula (I) or formula (Ia).

The compounds of the formula (VIII) or formula (VIII-b), which are the starting materials in the preparation method (e), are novel compounds and may be synthesized by the method below. The compound of above formula (XIX) or formula (XIX-a) may be reduced to obtain the compound represented by the formula (XX) or formula (XX-a):

-   wherein X, Y, R, A, m and n have the same meanings as defined     herein, which may be then subjected to a reaction such as     halogenation or alkylsulfonylation in the usual manner to obtain the     compound represented by the formula (VIII-a) or (VIII-c):

-   wherein X, Y, R, A, m, n and L³ have the same definitions as above.

Representative examples of the compounds of the formula (VIII) and formula (VIII-b), respectively, in the preparation method (e) include: 1-[3-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine; 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzylmethansulfonate; 1-[3-bromo-4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine and the like.

The compounds of the formula (IX), which are the starting materials in the preparation method (e), are well known compounds and representative examples include: acetoamide; propionamide; benzamide; 2-chlorobenzamide; 3-chlorobenzamide; 4-chlorobenzamide and the like.

In performing the preparation method (e), for example, 1 mole of the compound of the formula (VIII) or formula (VIII-b) may be reacted with 1 to 3 moles of the formula (IX) in the presence of base in a diluent (e.g. THF) to obtain the corresponding compound of the formula (I) or formula (Ia).

The compounds of the formula (X), or formula (X-a) which are the starting materials in the preparation method (f), are novel compound and may be obtained by reacting a compound of formula (VIII) or formula (VIII-b) with a compound R⁵—NH₂ (XXI) wherein R₅ has the same meanings as defined herein.

The compounds of the formula (X) or formula (X-a) wherein l is 1 may be also synthesized by the alternative method comprising reacting a compound of above formula (II) with a compound represented by the formula (XXII):

-   wherein Y, A, R³, R⁴, n and L¹ have the same meanings as defined     herein, to obtain the compound represented by the formula (XXIII) or     formula (XXIII-a):

wherein X, Y, R, A, m, n, R³ and R⁴ have the same meanings as defined herein, which is then reacted according to Gabriel synthetic reaction.

The compounds of above formula (XXII) are known compounds and include: 2-(4-bromobenzyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione; 2-(4-bromo-2-nitrobenzyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione; 2-(4-iodobenzyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione; 2-(4-iodo-2-nitrobenzyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione; 2-(2-chloro-4-iodobenzyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione.

The compounds of the formula (X) or formula (X-a) wherein R³, R⁴ and R⁵ represent hydrogen may be easily synthesized by the alternative method comprising usual reduction reaction of the nitrile compound represented by the formula (XXIV) or formula (XXIV-a):

-   wherein X, Y, R, m and n have the same meanings as defined herein.

The compounds of above formula (XXIV) or formula (XXIV-a) are novel compounds and may be obtained as shown in the synthetic example 8 described below.

Representative examples of the compounds of the formula (X) and formula (X-a), respectively, in the preparation method (f) include: 1-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl)methanamine; 1-{2-bromo-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl}methanamine and the like.

The compounds of the formula (XI), which are the starting materials in the preparation method (f), are well known compounds, and the specific examples include: acetyl chloride; propionyl chloride; benzoyl chloride; 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride; 3-chlorobenzoyl chloride; 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride; nicotinoylchloride hydrochloride and the like.

In performing the preparation method (f), for example, 1 mole of the compound of the formula (X) formula (X-a) may be reacted with 1 to 3 moles of the formula (XI) in the presence of base in a diluent (e.g. THF) to obtain the corresponding compound of the formula (I) or formula (Ia).

The compounds of the formula (Ic) or formula (Ig), which are the starting materials in the preparation method (g), are encompassed in the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the present invention obtained by above preparation method (e) or (f).

The compounds of the formula (XII), which are the starting materials are well known and the specific examples include iodomethane, iodoethane, acetyl chloride and the like.

In performing the preparation method (g), for example, 1 mole of the compound of the formula (Ic) or formula (Ig) may be reacted with 1 to 3 moles of the formula (XII) in the presence of base in a diluent (e.g. THF) to obtain the corresponding compound of the formula (I) or formula (Ia).

The compounds of the formula (XIII) or formula (XIII-a), which are the starting materials in the preparation method (h), are novel compounds and may be synthesized by the method described below.

More specifically, the compound of above formula (II) is reacted with a compound represented by the formula (XXV) or formula (XXV-a):

-   wherein Y, A, n and L¹ have the same meanings as defined herein, to     obtain a compound represented by the formula (XXVI) or formula     (XXVI-a):

-   wherein X, Y, R, A, m and n have the same meanings as defined     herein, which is then reduced to obtain the compound of the     formula (XIII) or formula (XIII-a).

The specific examples of compounds of formula (XXV) and formula (XXV-a) include; 2-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene; 2-bromo-4-nitrobenzene; 2-iodo-4-nitrobenzene; 2-bromo-4-fluoronitrobenzene; 4-fluoro-2-methylnitrobenzene and the like.

Representative examples of the compounds of the formula (XIII) and formula (XIII-a), espectively, in the preparation method (h) include: 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]aniline; 2-bromo-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]aniline and the like.

Dialkoxy tetrahydrofurans, which are the starting materials in the preparation method (h), are known compounds and the specific examples include: 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran; 2,5-diethoxytetrahydrofuran and the like.

In performing above preparation method (h), for example, 1 mole of the compound of the formula (XIII) or formula (XIII-a) may be reacted with 1 to 5 moles of 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran in a diluent (e.g. acetic acid) to obtain the corresponding compound of the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the present invention.

In the preparation method (h), said reaction, when using 1,2-diformylhydrazine, may be performed in the presence of base and trialkylhalosilane.

The examples of the base may include organic bases such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, tributylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, 4-tert-butyl-N,N-dimethylaniline, pyridine, picoline, lutidine, diazabicycloundecene, diazabicyclooctane, imidazole etc.

Representative examples of trialkylhalosilanes include: trimethylchlorosilane; triethylchlorosilane; trimethylbromosilane and the like.

In performing the preparation method (h), 1 mole of the compound of the formula (XIII) or formula (XIII-a) may be reacted with 1 to 5 moles of 1,2-diformylhydrazine, 1 to 10 moles of base and 1 to 25 moles of trialkylhalosilane in great excess amount of pyridine to obtain the desired corresponding compound of the formula (I) or formula (Ia).

In the case of the reaction of sodium azide with trialkyl orthoformate in the preparation method (h), the examples of trialkyl orthoformates may include trimethyl orthoformate and triethyl orthoformate and the like.

In performing the preparation method (h), 1 mole of the compound of the formula (XIII) or formula (XIII-a) may be reacted with 1 to 3 moles of sodium azide and 1 to 10 moles of trialkyl orthoformate in a diluent (e.g. acetic acid) to obtain the corresponding compound of the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the invention.

The compounds of the formula (XIV) or formula (XIV-a), which are the starting materials in the preparation method (i), are novel compounds and may be synthesized by the method described below. More specifically, the compound of above formula (XIII) or formula (XIII-a) is subjected to Sandmeyer's reaction, which is known in the field of organic chemistry, followed by reduction to obtain the compound of the formula (XIV) or formula (XIV-a).

Representative examples of the compounds of the formula (XIV) and formula (XIV-a), respectively may include: 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-(4-hydrazinophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine; 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-(4-hydrazino-3-methylphenyl)-3-(tri-fluoromethyl)pyrrolidine and the like.

2,5-Dialkoxy tetrahydrofurans, which are used as starting material in the preparation method (i), are known compounds and representative examples include: 1,1,3,3-tetramethoxypropane; 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane and the like.

In performing above preparation method (i), for example, 1 mole of the compound of the formula (XIV) or formula (XIV-a) may be reacted with 1 to 5 moles of 1,1,3,3-tetraalkoxypropane with, if desired, addition of catalytic amount of acid such as sulfuric acid in a diluent (e.g. ethanol) to obtain the corresponding compound of the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the invention.

The compounds of the formula (XV) or formula (XV-a), which are the starting material in the preparation method (j), are novel compounds and may be synthesized by the method described below. More specifically, the compound of above formula (II) is reacted with a compound represented by the formula (XXVII) or formula (XXVII-a)

-   wherein Y, A, n and L¹ have the same meanings as defined herein, to     obtain the compound of the formula (XV) or formula (XV-a).

The specific examples of compounds of above formula (XXVII) and formula (XXVII-a), respectively, include: 2-fluoro-5-iodobenzonitrile; 5-bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile; 1-chloro-4-iodo-2-nitrobenzene; 1,4-dibromobenzene; 1,4-diiodo benzene and the like.

Representative examples of the compounds of the formula (XV) and formula (XV-a), respectively in the preparation method (j) may include: 5-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-fluorobenzonitrile; 5-{3-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl}-2-fluorobenzonitrile and the like.

Many of the compounds represented by the formula G2-H, G3-H, G4-H, G5-G, G6-H, G8-H, G9-H, which are the starting materials in the preparation method (j), are known compounds and the specific examples may include: 1H-imidazole; 1H-pyrazole; 4-methyl-1H-pyrazole; 4-fluoro-1H-pyrazole; 4-chloro-1H-pyrazole; 4-bromo-1H-pyrazole; 4-iodo-1H-pyrazole; 4-nitro-1H-pyrazole; 4-methyl-1H-pyrazole; 3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole; 4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole; 4-cyano-1H-pyrazole; 1H-1,2,3-triazole; 1H-1,2,4-triazole; 1H-tetrazole; 5-methyl-1H-tetrazole; 5-(methylthio)-1H-tetrazole and the like.

In performing the preparation method (j), for example, 1 mole of the compound of the formula (XV) or formula (XV-a) may be reacted with 1 to 3 moles of G6-H in the presence of 1 to 3 moles of base in a diluent (e.g. DMF) to obtain the corresponding compound of the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the invention.

In preparation methods of the compounds of the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the present invention, novel materials among the compounds which are the raw materials (starting materials and intermediates) can be collectively represented by the formula described below.

Formula (II-a)

-   wherein X has the same meanings as defined herein, T¹ represents     hydrogen or benzyl, Hal-R represents haloalkyl and p represents 1,     2, 3, 4 or 5.

Formula (XVI-a)

-   wherein T² and T³ each independently represent alkyl.

Compounds of Formula (XXVIII) or compounds of formula (XXVIII-a)

-   wherein X, Y, R, A, m and n has the same definition as above, T⁴     represents:

-   cyano, amino or nitro, R⁸, L², L³, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ have the same     meanings as defined herein.

The compounds according to the present invention have potent insecticidal and acaricidal activity. Therefore, the compounds represented by formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the present invention can be used as insecticides and/or acaricides. They are particularly useful in the agricultural field. The compounds according to the present invention also exert an appropriate controlling effect against harmful insects without phytotoxicity against cultured plants. In addition, the compounds of the present invention can be used for controlling a wide variety of pests including, for example, harmful sucking insects, biting insects and other plant-parasitic pests, stored grain pests and hygienic pests as well as pests in the veterinary field and can be applied for their control, in particular eradication and extermination. Therefore, the present invention also encompasses a method for combating harmful pests.

Such pest insects include for example

Beetles, such as adzuki bean beetle (Callosobruchus Chinensis), maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), red flour beetle (Tribolium Castaneum), large 28-spotted lady beetle (Epilachna vigintioctomaculata), barley wireworm (Agriotes fuscicollis), soy bean beetle (Anomala rufocuprea), colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), diabrotica (Diabrotica spp.), Japanese pine sawyer (Monochamus alternatus), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), powderpost beetle (Lyctus bruneus), cucurbit leaf beetle (Aulacophora femoralis).

Lepidopteran pests, such as gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), tent caterpillar (Malacosoma neustria), small white (Pieris rapae), common cutworm (Spodoptera litura), cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae), Striped Rice Borer (Chilo suppressalis), corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis), dried currant moth (Ephestia cautella), summer fruit tortrix moth (Adoxophyes orana), codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonella), common cutworm moth (Agrotis fucosa), wax moth (Galleria mellonella), diamondback moth (Plutella maculipennis), Heliothis (Heliothis virescens), citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella).

Hemipterous pests, such as Been rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps), brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), comstock mealybug (Pseudococcus comstocki), arrowhead scale (Unaspis yanonensis), Momoaka-aburamusi (Myzus persicas), Green apple aphid (Aphis pomi), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), turnip aphid (Phopalosiphum pseudobrassicas), Nashi-gunbai (Stephanitis nashi), Nazara (Nazara spp.), greenhouse whitefly (Trialcurodes vaporariorm), Pshylla (Pshylla spp.).

Thripid pests, such as melon thrips (Thrips palmi), western flower thrip (Frankliniella occidentalis).

Orthopteran pests, such as german Cockroach (Blatella germanica), american cockroach (Periplaneta americana), mole cricket (Gryllotalpa africana), migratory locust (Locusts migratoria migratoriaodes)

Isoptera pests, such as Japanese subterranean termite (Reticulitermes speratus), termite (Coptotermes formosanus);

Dipterous pests, such as house fly (Musca domestics), yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), bean seed fly (Hylemia platura), Aka-ie-ka (Culex pipiens), Sina-hamadara-ka (Anopheles sinensis), kodaka-aka-ie-ka (Culex tritaeniorhychus), american serpentine leafminer (Liriomyza trifolii).

Mites, such as Nise-nami-hadani (Tetranychus cinnabarinus), Nami-ha-dani (Tetrahychus urticae), citrus red mite (Panonychus citri), pink citrus rust mite (Aculops pelekassi), Tarsonemus (Tarsonemus spp.).

Nematode pests, such as sweet potato root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus lignicolus Mamiya et Kiyohara), rice nematode (Aphelenchoides besseyi), soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines), meadow nematode (Pratylenchus spp.).

Additionally, the compounds according to the invention, in combination with good plant tolerance and favourable toxicity to warm-blooded animals and being tolerated well by the environment, are suitable for protecting plants and plant organs, for increasing the harvest yields, for improving the quality of the harvested material and for controlling animal pests, in particular insects, arachnids, helminths, nematodes and molluscs, which are encountered in agriculture, in horticulture, in animal husbandry, in forests, in gardens and leisure facilities, in the protection of stored products and of materials, in the hygiene and animal health sector. They may be preferably employed as plant protection agents. They are active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or some stages of development. The pests which can be combated by using the compounds and compositions according to the invention further include inter alia:

From the order of the Anoplura (Phthiraptera), for example, Damalinia spp., Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Trichodectes spp.

From the class of the Arachnida, for example, Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni, Aculops spp., Aculus spp., Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus spp., Epitrimerus pyri, Eotetranychus spp., Eriophyes spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Latrodectus mactans, Metatetranychus spp., Oligonychus spp., Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Scorpio maurus, Stenotarsonemus spp., Tarsonemus spp., Tetranychus spp., Vasates lycopersici.

From the class of the Bivalva, for example, Dreissena spp.

From the order of the Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus spp., Scutigera spp.

From the order of the Coleoptera, for example, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Adoretus spp., Agelastica alni, Agriotes spp., Amphimallon solstitialis, Anobium punctatum, Anoplophora spp., Anthonomus spp., Anthrenus spp., Apogonia spp., Atomaria spp., Attagenus spp., Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus spp., Ceuthorhynchus spp., Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus spp., Cosmopolites spp., Costelytra zealandica, Curculio spp., Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Faustinus cubae, Gibbium psylloides, Heteronychus orator, Hylamorpha elegans, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypothenemus spp., Lachnosterna consanguinea, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lixus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha melolontha, Migdolus spp., Monochamus spp., Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllophaga spp., Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Ptinus spp., Rhizobius ventralis, Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sternechus spp., Symphyletes spp., Tenebrio molitor, Tribolium spp., Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp., Xylotrechus spp., Zabrus spp.; as well as Callosobruchus Chinensis, Sitophilus zeamais, Tribolium Castaneum, Epilachna vigintioctomaculata, Agriotes fuscicollis, Anomala rufocuprea, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Diabrotica spp., Monochamus alternatus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lyctus bruneus, and Aulacophora femoralis.

From the order of the Collembola, for example, Onychiurus armatus.

From the order of the Dermaptera, for example, Forficula auricularia.

From the order of the Diplopoda, for example, Blaniulus guttulatus.

From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomyia spp., Cochliomyia spp., Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus oleae, Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila spp., Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hylemyia spp., Hyppobosca spp., Hypoderma spp., Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Musca spp., Nezara spp., Oestrus spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp., Taenia spp., Tipula paludosa, Wohlfahrtia spp.; as well as Musca domestica, Aedes aegypti, Hylemia platura, Culex pipiens, Anopheles sinensis, Culex tritaeniorhychus and Liriomyza trifolii.

From the class of the Gastropoda, for example, Anion spp., Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., Galba spp., Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Succinea spp.

From the class of the helminths, for example, Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis, Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris lubricoides, Ascaris spp., Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostomum spp., Chabertia spp., Clonorchis spp., Cooperia spp., Dicrocoelium spp, Dictyocaulus filaria, Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medinensis, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Enterobius vermicularis, Faciola spp., Haemonchus spp., Heterakis spp., Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongulus spp., Loa Loa, Nematodirus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Opisthorchis spp., Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia spp., Paragonimus spp., Schistosomen spp., Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Stronyloides spp., Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelsoni, Trichinella pseudopsiralis, Trichostrongulus spp., Trichuris trichuria, Wuchereria bancrofti.

It is furthermore possible to control protozoa, such as Eimeria.

From the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis spp., Blissus spp., Calocoris spp., Campylomma livida, Cavelerius spp., Cimex spp., Creontiades dilutus, Dasynus piperis, Dichelops furcatus, Diconocoris hewetti, Dysdercus spp., Euschistus spp., Eurygaster spp., Heliopeltis spp., Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus spp., Macropes excavatus, Miridae, Nezara spp., Oebalus spp., Pentomidae, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp., Psallus seriatus, Pseudacysta persea, Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophora spp., Stephanitis nashi, Tibraca spp., Triatoma spp.

From the order of the Homoptera, for example, Acyrthosipon spp., Aeneolamia spp., Agonoscena spp., Aleurodes spp., Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus spp., Amrasca spp., Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp., Aphanostigma piri, Aphis spp., Arboridia apicalis, Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus spp., Atanus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia spp., Brachycaudus helichrysii, Brachycolus spp., Brevicoryne brassicae, Calligypona marginata, Cameocephala fulgida, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Cercopidae, Ceroplastes spp., Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii, Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp., Cryptomyzus ribis, Dalbulus spp., Dialeurodes spp., Diaphorina spp., Diaspis spp., Doralis spp., Drosicha spp., Dysaphis spp., Dysmicoccus spp., Empoasca spp., Eriosoma spp., Erythroneura spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Geococcus coffeae, Homalodisca coagulata, Hyalopterus arundinis, Icerya spp., Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium spp., Lepidosaphes spp., Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum spp., Mahanarva fimbriolata, Melanaphis sacchari, Metcalfiella spp., Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus spp., Nasonovia ribisnigri, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata lugens, Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza spp., Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus maidis, Phenacoccus spp., Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp., Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus spp., Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Pteromalus spp., Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoides titanus, Schizaphis graminum, Selenaspidus articulatus, Sogata spp., Sogatella furcifera, Sogatodes spp., Stictocephala festina, Tenalaphara malayensis, Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza spp., Typhlocyba spp., Unaspis spp., Viteus vitifolii.

From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Vespa spp.

From the order of the Isopoda, for example, Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber.

From the order of the Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes spp., Odontotermes spp.; as well as Reticulitermes speratus and Coptotermes formosanus.

From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Acronicta major, Aedia teucomelas, Agrotis spp., Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia spp., Barathra brassicae, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo spp., Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus spp., Earias insulana, Ephestia kuehniella, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Galleria mellonella, Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homona magnanima, Hyponomeuta padella, Laphygma spp., Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane antennata, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria spp., Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Mocis repanda, Mythimna separata, Oria spp., Oulema oryzae, Panolis flanunea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prodenia spp., Pseudaletia spp., Pseudoplusia includens, Pyrausta nubilalis, Spodoptera spp., Thermesia gemmatalis, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia spp.; as well as Lymantria dispar, Malacosoma neustria, Pieris rapae, Spodoptera litura, Mamestra brassicae, Chilo suppressalis, Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia cautella, Adoxophyes orana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Agrotis fucosa, Galleria mellonella, Plutella maculipennis, Heliothis virescens and Phyllocnistis citrella.

From the order of the Orthoptera, for example, Acheta domesticus, Blatta orientalis, Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Melanoplus spp., Schistocerca gregaria; as well as Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, Gryllotalpa africana and Locusta migratoria migratoriaodes.

From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Ceratophyllus spp., Xenopsylla cheopis.

From the order of the Symphyla, for example, Scutigerella immaculata.

From the order of the Thysanoptera, for example, Baliothrips biformis, Enneothrips Havens, Frankliniella spp., Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips spp., Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Taeniothrips cardamoni, Thrips spp.; as well as Thrips palmi and Frankliniella occidentalis.

From the order of Hemiptera, for example, Nephotettix cincticeps, Nilaparvata lugens, Pseudococcus comstocki, Unaspis yanonensis, Myzus persicas, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicas, Stephanitis nashi, Nazara spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorm and Pshylla spp.;

From the order of the Thysanura, for example, Lepisma saccharina.

The phytoparasitic nematodes include, for example, Anguina spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Belonoaimus spp., Bursaphelenchus spp., Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera spp., Heliocotylenchus spp., Heterodera spp., Longidorus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Radopholus similis, Rotylenchus spp., Trichodorus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Tylenchulus spp., Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Xiphinema spp.; as well as Meloidogyne incognita, Bursaphelenchus lignicolus Mamiya et Kiyohara, Aphelenchoides besseyi, and Heterodera glycines and Pratylenchus spp.

Mites include, for example, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus citri, Aculops pelekassi and Tarsonemus spp. or Mites, such as Ornithodoros spp., Ixodes spp., Boophilus spp. and the like.

In the present invention, substances having insecticidal effects against vermins encompassing all of such pests are referred to as insecticides.

If appropriate, the compounds according to the invention can, at certain concentrations or application rates, also be used as herbicides, safeners, growth regulators or agents to improve plant properties, or as microbicides, for example as fungicides, antimycotics, bactericides, viricides (including agents against viroids) or as agents against MLO (mycoplasma-like organisms) and RLO (rickettsia-like organisms). If appropriate, they can also be employed as intermediates or precursors for the synthesis of other active compounds.

in the veterinary field, the novel compounds of the invention can be effectively used to various harmful animal parasites (endoparasites and ectoparasites), including insects and worms.

Examples of such animal parasites may include the following vermins: insects, such as bot fly (Gastrophilus spp.), stable fly (Stomoxys spp.), biting louse (Trichodectes spp.), Rhodnius (Rhodnius spp.), inu-nomi (Ctenocephalides canis), bedbug (Cimx lecturius), neko-nomi (Ctenocephalides felis), sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina) and the like.

As already mentioned before, in the veterinary fields, i.e. in the field of veterinary medicine, the active compounds according to the present invention are active against animal parasites, in particular ectoparasites or endoparasites. The term endoparasites includes in particular helminths, such as cestodes, nematodes or trematodes, and protozoae, such as coccidia. Ectoparasites are typically and preferably arthropods, in particular insects such as flies (stinging and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, bird lice, fleas and the like; or acarids, such as ticks, for examples hard ticks or soft ticks, or mites, such as scab mites, harvest mites, bird mites and the like.

These parasites include;

From the order of the Anoplurida, for example Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Phtirus spp., Solenopotes spp.; particular examples are: Linognathus setosus, Linognathus vituli, Linognathus ovillus, Linognathus oviformis, Linognathus pedalis, Linognathus stenopsis, Haematopinus asini macrocephalus, Haematopinus eurystemus, Haematopinus suis, Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Phylloera vastatrix, Phthirus pubis, Solenopotes capillatus.

From the order of the Mallophagida and the suborders Amblycerina and Ischnocerina, for example Trimenopon spp., Menopon spp., Trinoton spp., Bovicola spp., Wemeckiella spp:, Lepikentron spp., Damalina spp., Trichodectes spp., Felicola spp.; particular examples are: Bovicola bovis, Bovicola ovis, Bovicola limbata, Damalina bovis, Trichodectes canis, Felicola subrostratus, Bovicola caprae, Lepikentron ovis, Werneckiella equi.

From the order of the Diptera and the suborders Nematocerina and Brachycerina, for example Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simulium spp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp., Culicoides spp., Chrysops spp., Odagmia spp., Wilhelmia spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp., Haematopota spp., Philipomyia spp., Braula spp., Musca spp., Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morellia spp., Fannia spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Wohlfahrtia spp., Sarcophaga spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Gasterophilus spp., Hippobosca spp., Lipoptena spp., Melophagus spp., lthinoestrus spp., Tipula spp.; particular examples are: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles maculipennis, Calliphora erythrocephala, Chrysozona pluvialis, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens, Culex tarsalis, Fannia canicularis, Sarcophaga carnaria, Stomoxys calcitrans, Tipula paludosa, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Simulium reptans, Phlebotomus papatasi, Phlebotomus longipalpis, Odagmia ornata, Wilhelmia equina, Boophthora erythrocephala, Tabanus bromius, Tabanus spodopterus, Tabanus atratus, Tabanus sudeticus, Ilybomitra ciurea, Chrysops caecutiens, Chrysops relictus, Haematopota pluvialis, Haematopota italica, Musca autumnalis, Musca domestica, Haematobia irritans irritans, Haematobia irritans exigua, Haematobia stimulans, Hydrotaea irritans, Hydrotaea albipuncta, Chrysomya chloropyga, Chrysomya bezziana, Oestrus ovis, Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma lineatum, Przhevalskiana silenus, Dermatobia hominis, Melophagus ovinus, Lipoptena capreoli, Lipoptena cervi, Hippobosca variegata, Hippobosca equina, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Gasterophilus haemorroidalis, Gasterophilus inermis, Gasterophilus nasalis, Gasterophilus nigricomis, Gasterophilus pecorum, Braula coeca.

From the order of the Siphonapterida, for example Pulex spp., Ctenocephalides spp., Tunga spp., Xenopsylla spp., Ceratophyllus spp.; particular examples are: Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsylla cheopis.

From the order of the Heteropterida, for example Cimex spp., Triatoma spp., Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylus spp.

From the order of the Blattarida, for example Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Blattela germanica, Supella spp. (e.g. Suppella longipalpa).

From the subclass of the Acari (Acarina) and the orders of the Meta- and Mesostigmata, for example Argas spp., Omithodorus spp., Otobius spp., Ixodes spp., Amblyomma spp., Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp Dermacentor spp., Haemophysalis spp., Hyalomma spp., Dermanyssus spp., Rhipicephalus spp. (the original genus of multi host ticks) Ornithonyssus spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Raillietia spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Sternostoma spp., Varroa spp., Acarapis spp.; particular examples are: Argas persicus, Argas reflexus, Omithodorus moubata, Otobius megnini, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) calceratus, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma aegypticum, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma transiens, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes canisuga, Nodes pilosus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes holocyclus, Haemaphysalis concinna, Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis cinnabarina, Haemaphysalis otophila, Haemaphysalis leachi, Haemaphysalis longicomi, Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Dermacentor pictus, Dermacentor albipictus, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, Hyalomma mauritanicum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus capensis, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Rhipicephalus zarnbeziensis, Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Amblyomma maculatum, Amblyomma hebraeum, Amblyomma cajennense, Dermanyssus gallinae, Ornithonyssus bursa, Ornithonyssus sylviarum, Varroa jacobsoni.

From the order of the Actinedida (Prostigmata) and Acaridida (Astigmata), for example Acarapis spp., Cheyletiella spp., Ornithocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergates spp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp., Laminosioptes spp.; particular examples are: Cheyletiella yasguri, Cheyletiella blakci, Demodex canis, Demodex bovis, Demodex ovis, Demodex caprae, Demodex equi, Demodex caballi, Demodex suis, Neotrombicula autumnalis, Neotrombicula desaleri, Neoschtingastia xerothermobia, Trombicula akamushi, Otodectes cynotis, Notoedres cati, Sarcoptis canis, Sarcoptes bovis, Sarcoptes ovis, Sarcoptes rupicaprae (=S. caprae), Sarcoptes equi, Sarcoptes suis, Psoroptes ovis, Psoroptes cuniculi, Psoroptes equi, Chorioptes bovis, Psoergates ovis, Pneumonyssoidic Mange, Pneumonyssoides caninum, Acarapis woodi.

The active compounds according to the invention are also suitable for controlling arthropods, helminths and protozoae, which attack animals. The control of arthropods is preferred. The control of insects is particularly preferred. Equally, the control of acarids is particularly preferred.

Animals which may be treated to control the parasites include birds, insects and in particular mammals. Animals includeagricultural livestock such as, for example, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffaloes, rabbits, chickens, fur-bearing animals, turkeys, ducks, geese, cultured fish, honeybees. Moreover, animals include domestic animals—also referred to as companion animals—such as, for example, dogs, cats, ferrets, cage birds, aquarium fish, reptiles and what are known as experimental animals such as, for example, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice.

By controlling these arthropods, helminths and/or protozoae, it is intended to reduce deaths and improve performance (in the case of meat, milk, wool, hides, eggs, honey and the like) and health of the host animal, so that more economical and simpler animal keeping is made possible by the use of the active compounds according to the invention.

For example, it is desirable to prevent or interrupt the uptake of blood by the parasites from the hosts (when applicable). Also, controlling the parasites may help to prevent the transmittance of infectious agents.

The term “controlling” as used herein with regard to the veterinary field, means that the active compounds are effective in reducing the incidence of the respective parasite in an animal infected with such parasites to innocuous levels. More specifically, “controlling”, as used herein, means that the active compound is effective in killing the respective parasite, inhibiting its growth, or inhibiting its proliferation.

The active compounds of the present invention, when used as insecticides, may be formed into conventional formulation forms. Such formulation forms include, for example, solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, water dispersible granules, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, tablets, granules, aerosols, active compound-impregnated natural and synthetic substances, microcapsules, seed coating agents, formulations used with burning device (burning devices include, for example, fumigation and smoking cartridges, cans and coils) and UVL [cold mist, warm mist].

The active compounds of the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the invention may be present in the commercially useful formulations and usage forms prepared from their formulations, as a mixed formulation form with other active compounds such as insecticides, toxic baits, bactericides, acaricides, nematocides, fungicides, growth regulating agents, herbicides and the like. Above mentioned insecticides may include, for example, organophosphorus agents, carbamate agents, carboxylate chemical agents, chlorohydrocarbon type chemical agents, insecticidal substances produced by microorganisms and the like.

These formulations may be prepared by the method known per se. For example, they can be prepared by mixing the active compounds together with spreading agents, i.e. liquid diluents or carriers; Liquefied gas diluents or carriers; solid diluents or carriers, and, optionally, surfactants i.e. emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foam forming agents.

When water is used as a spreading agent, for example organic solvents may be used as an auxiliary solvent.

Liquid diluents or carriers may include, for example, aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. xylene, toluene, alkylnaphthalene etc.), chlorinated aromatic or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g. chlorobenzens, ethylene chlorides, methylene chlorides etc.), aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g. cyclohexanes or paraffins (e.g. mineral oil fractions)), alcohols (e.g. butanol, glycol and ethers or esters thereof etc.), ketones (e.g. acetone, methylethylketone, methylisobutylketone, cyclohexanone etc.), strong polar solvents (e.g. dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide etc.), water and the like.

Liquefied gas diluents or carriers may include substances which exist as gas at ambient temperature and normal pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as furan, propane, nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide, halogenated hydrocarbons.

Solid diluents may include, for example, crushed natural minerals (e.g. kaolin, clay, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montrnorillonite or diatom earth etc.), crushed synthetic minerals (e.g. highly-dispersive silic acid, alumina, silicate etc.) and the like.

Solid carriers for granules may include, for example, crushed and fractionated rocks (e.g. calcite, marble, pumice stone, sepiolite, dolomite etc.), synthetic granules of inorganic or organic powders, fine particles of organic materials (e.g. sawdust, coconut shells, corncob, stalk of Indian weed etc.).

Emulsifiers and/or foams may include, for example, nonionic or anionic emulsifiers (e.g. polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers (e.g. alkylarylpolyglycol ether), alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, aryl sulfonates etc.), albumin hydrolyzed products and the like.

Examples of dispersants include, for example, lignin sulfite waste liquor, methylcellulose and the like.

Adhesive agents may also be used for the formulations (powders, granules, emulsions), such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural or synthetic polymers (e.g. acacia, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl acetates etc.) and the like.

Colorants may be used, such as inorganic pigments (e.g. ferric oxide, titanic oxide, Prussian blue etc.), organic pigments (e.g. alizarin dyes, azo dyes or metallophthalocyanine dyes etc.) as well as trace elements (e.g. salts of iron, manganese, boron, cupper, cobalt, molybdenum or zinc etc.).

Generally such formulations may contain the active compounds described above in a range from 0.1 to 95% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 90% by weight.

The compounds according to the present invention may be used in ordinary manners suitable for their application forms. It is understood that the compounds according to the invention can also be present in compositions containing further ingredients, such as auxiliaries or active ingredients. The skilled person will choose a suitable ingredient among those named herein and known in the art and which are supposed to enhance a property which is considered being favorable in view of the intended application and use.

All plants and plant parts can be treated in accordance with the invention. Plants are to be understood as meaning in the present context all plants and plant populations such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants can be plants which can be obtained by conventional plant breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or by combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including the plant cultivars protectable or not protectable by plant breeders' rights. Plant parts are to be understood as meaning all parts and organs of plants above and below the ground, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples which may be mentioned being leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvested material, and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, offshoots and seeds.

Treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the active compounds is carried out directly or by allowing the compounds to act on their surroundings, habitat or storage space by the customary treatment methods, for example by immersion, spraying, evaporation, fogging, scattering, painting on, injecting and, in the case of propagation material, in particular in the case of seed, also by applying one or more coats.

As already mentioned above, it is possible to treat all plants and their parts according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment, wild plant species and plant cultivars, or those obtained by conventional biological breeding methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and parts thereof, are treated. In a further preferred embodiment, transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering methods, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms), and parts thereof, are treated. The terms “parts”, “parts of plants” and “plant parts” have been explained above.

Particularly preferably, plants of the plant cultivars which are in each case commercially available or in use are treated according to the invention. Plant cultivars are understood as meaning plants having novel properties (“traits”) which have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. These can be cultivars, bio- or genotypes.

Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their location and growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, diet), the treatment according to the invention may also result in superadditive “synergistic”) effects. Thus, for example, reduced application rates and/or a widening of the activity spectrum and/or an increase in the activity of the substances and compositions which can be used according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products are possible, which exceed the effects which were actually to be expected.

The preferred transgenic plants or plant cultivars (obtained by genetic engineering) which are to be treated according to the invention include all plants which, by virtue of the genetic modification, received genetic material which imparts particularly advantageous, useful traits to these plants. Examples of such traits are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products. Further and particularly emphasized examples of such traits are a better defence of the plants against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and/or viruses, and also increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds. Examples of transgenic plants which may be mentioned are the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice), maize, soya beans, potatoes, sugar beet, tomatoes, peas and other vegetable varieties, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), and particular emphasis is given to maize, soya beans, potatoes, cotton, tobacco and oilseed rape. Traits that are emphasized in particular are the increased defence of the plants against insects, arachnids, nematodes and slugs and snails by virtue of toxins formed in the plants, in particular those formed in the plants by the genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis (for example by the genes CryIA(a), CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIIA, CryIIIA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c, Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CryIF and also combinations thereof) (referred to hereinbelow as “Bt plants”). Traits that are also particularly emphasized are the increased defence of the plants against fungi, bacteria and viruses by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins. Traits that are furthermore particularly emphasized are the increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds, for example imidazolinones, sulphonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinotricin (for example the “PAT” gene). The genes which impart the desired traits in question can also be present in combination with one another in the transgenic plants. Examples of “Bt plants” which may be mentioned are maize varieties, cotton varieties, soya bean varieties and potato varieties which are sold under the trade names YIELD GARD® (for example maize, cotton, soya beans), KnockOut® (for example maize), StarLink® (for example maize), Bollgard® (cotton), Nucotn® (cotton) and NewLeaf® (potato). Examples of herbicide-tolerant plants which may be mentioned are maize varieties, cotton varieties and soya bean varieties which are sold under the trade names Roundup Ready® (tolerance to glyphosate, for example maize, cotton, soya beans), Liberty Link® (tolerance to phosphinotricin, for example oilseed rape), IMI® (tolerance to imidazolinones) and STS® (tolerance to sulphonylureas, for example maize). Herbicide-resistant plants (plants bred in a conventional manner for herbicide tolerance) which may be mentioned include the varieties sold under the name Clearfield® (for example maize). Of course, these statements also apply to plant cultivars having these genetic traits or genetic traits still to be developed, which plant cultivars will be developed and/or marketed in the future.

The plants listed can be treated according to the invention in a particularly advantageous manner with the compounds or compositions according to the invention. The preferred ranges stated above for the active compounds or compositions also apply to the treatment of these plants. Particular emphasis is given to the treatment of plants with the compounds or compositions specifically mentioned in the present text.

It has furthermore been found that the compounds according to the invention also have a strong insecticidal action against insects which destroy industrial materials.

The following insects may be mentioned as examples and as preferred—but without any limitation:

Beetles, such as Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobium punctatum, Xestobium rufovillosum, Ptilinus pecticomis, Dendrobium pertinex, Ernobius mollis, Priobium carpini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctus africanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus linearis, Lyctus pubescens, Trogoxylon aequale, Minthes rugicollis, Xyleborus spec. Tryptodendron spec. Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins, Heterobostrychus brunneus, Sinoxylon spec. Dinoderus minutus;

Hymenopterons, such as Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas taignus, Urocerus augur;

Termites, such as Kalotermes flavicollis, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes indicola, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Mastotermes darwiniensis, Zootermopsis nevadensis, Coptotermes formosanus;

Bristletails, such as Lepisma saccharine.

Industrial materials in the present connection are to be understood as meaning non-living materials, such as, preferably, plastics, adhesives, sizes, papers and cardboards, leather, wood and processed wood products and coating compositions.

The ready-to-use compositions may, if appropriate, comprise further insecticides and, if appropriate, one or more fungicides.

With respect to possible additional additives, reference may be made to the insecticides and fungicides mentioned above.

The compounds according to the invention can likewise be employed for protecting objects which come into contact with saltwater or brackish water, in particular hulls, screens, nets, buildings, moorings and signalling systems, against fouling.

Furthermore, the compounds according to the invention, alone or in combinations with other active compounds, may be employed as antifouling agents.

In domestic, hygiene and stored-product protection, the active compounds are also suitable for controlling animal pests, in particular insects, arachnids and mites, which are found in enclosed spaces such as, for example, dwellings, factory halls, offices, vehicle cabins and the like. They can be employed alone or in combination with other active compounds and auxiliaries in domestic insecticide products for controlling these pests. They are active against sensitive and resistant species and against all developmental stages. These pests include:

From the order of the Scorpionidea, for example, Buthus occitanus.

From the order of the Acarina, for example, Argas persicus, Argas reflexus, Bryobia ssp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Glyciphagus domesticus, Ornithodorus moubat, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Trombicula alfreddugesi, Neutrombicula autumnalis, Dermatophagoides pteronissimus, Dermatophagoides forinae.

From the order of the Araneae, for example, Aviculariidae, Araneidae.

From the order of the Opiliones, for example, Pseudoscorpiones chelifer, Pseudoscorpiones cheiridium, Opiliones phalangium.

From the order of the Isopoda, for example, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber.

From the order of the Diplopoda, for example, Blaniulus guttulatus, Polydesmus spp.

From the order of the Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus spp.

From the order of the Zygentoma, for example, Ctenolepisma spp., Lepisma saccharina, Lepismodes inquilinus.

From the order of the Blattaria, for example, Diana orientalies, Blattella germanica, Blattella asahinai, Leucophaea maderae, Panchlora spp., Parcoblatta spp., Periplaneta australasiae, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Supella longipalpa.

From the order of the Saltatoria, for example, Acheta domesticus.

From the order of the Dermaptera, for example, Forficula auricularia.

From the order of the Isoptera, for example, Kalotermes spp., Reticulitermes spp.

From the order of the Psocoptera, for example, Lepinatus spp., Liposcelis spp.

From the order of the Coleoptera, for example, Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Dermestes spp., Latheticus oryzae, Necrobia spp., Ptinus spp., Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Stegobium paniceum.

From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Anopheles spp., Calliphora erythrocephala, Chrysozona pluvialis, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens, Culex tarsalis, Drosophila spp., Fannia canicularis, Musca domestica, Phlebotomus spp., Sarcophaga eamaria, Simulium spp., Stomoxys calcitrans, Tipula paludosa.

From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Achroia grisella, Galleria mellonella, Plodia interpunctella, Tinea cloacella, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella.

From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsylla cheopis.

From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Camponotus herculeanus, Lasius fuliginosus, Lasius niger, Lasius umbratus, Monomorium pharaonis, Paravespula spp., Tetramorium caespitum.

From the order of the Anoplura, for example, Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Pemphigus spp., Phylloera vastatrix, Phthirus pubis.

From the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Cimex hemipterus, Cimex lectularius, Rhodinus prolixus, Triatoma infestans.

In the field of domestic insecticides, a combination with other suitable active compounds, such as phosphoric esters, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, growth regulators or active compounds from other known classes of insecticides can be used and is especially preferable.

The compounds or compositions according to the invention, preferable in their suitable application form, can be used in aerosols, pressure-free spray products, for example pump and atomizer sprays, automatic fogging systems, foggers, foams, gels, evaporator products with evaporator tablets made of cellulose or polymer, liquid evaporators, gel and membrane evaporators, propeller-driven evaporators, energy-free, or passive, evaporation systems, moth papers, moth bags and moth gels, as granules or dusts, in baits for scattering or in bait stations.

The compounds or compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for treating seed. A large part of the damage to crop plants which is caused by pests occurs as early as when the seed is attacked during storage and after the seed is introduced into the soil, during and immediately after germination of the plants. This phase is particularly critical since the roots and shoots of the growing plant are particularly sensitive and even minor damage can lead to the death of the whole plant. Protecting the seed and the germinating plant by the use of suitable compositions is therefore of particularly great interest.

The control of pests by treating the seed of plants has been known for a long time and is subject-matter of continuous improvements. However, the treatment of seed entails a series of problems which cannot always be solved in a satisfactory manner. Thus, it is desirable to develop methods for protecting the seed and the germinating plant which dispense with the additional application of crop protection agents after sowing or after the emergence of the plants. It is furthermore desirable to optimize the amount of active compound employed in such a way as to provide maximum protection for the seed and the germinating plant from attack by pests, but without damaging the plant itself by the active compound employed. In particular, methods for the treatment of seed should also take into consideration the intrinsic insecticidal properties of transgenic plants in order to achieve optimum protection of the seed and also the germinating plant with a minimum of crop protection agents being employed.

The present invention therefore in particular also relates to a method for the protection of seed and germinating plants from attack by pests, by treating the seed with a composition according to the invention. The invention likewise relates to the use of the compositions according to the invention for the treatment of seed for protecting the seed and the resulting plant from pests. Furthermore, the invention relates to seed which has been treated with a composition according to the invention so as to afford protection from pests.

One of the advantages of the present invention is that the particular systemic properties of the compositions according to the invention mean that treatment of the seed with these compositions not only protects the seed itself, but also the resulting plants after emergence, from pests. In this manner, the immediate treatment of the crop at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter can be dispensed with.

Furthermore, it must be considered as advantageous that the compounds or compositions according to the invention can also be employed in particular in transgenic seed, the plants arising from this seed being capable of expressing a protein directed against pests. By treating such seed with the compositions according to the invention, certain pests can be controlled merely by the expression of the, for example, insecticidal protein, and additionally be protected by the compositions according to the invention against damage.

The compounds or compositions according to the invention are suitable for protecting seed of any plant variety as already mentioned above which is employed in agriculture, in the greenhouse, in forests or in horticulture. In particular, this takes the form of seed of maize, peanut, canola, oilseed rape, poppy, soya beans, cotton, beet (for example sugar beet and fodder beet), rice, sorghum and millet, wheat, barley, oats, rye, sunflower, tobacco, potatoes or vegetables (for example tomatoes, cabbage plants). The compositions according to the invention are likewise suitable for treating the seed of fruit plants and vegetables as already mentioned above. The treatment of the seed of maize, soya beans, cotton, wheat and canola or oilseed rape is of particular importance.

As already mentioned above, the treatment of transgenic seed with a composition according to the invention is also of particular importance. This takes the form of seed of plants which, as a rule, comprise at least one heterologous gene which governs the expression of a polypeptide with in particular insecticidal properties. In this context, the heterologous genes in transgenic seed may be derived from microorganisms such as Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus or Gliocladium. The present invention is particularly suitable for the treatment of transgenic seed which comprises at least one heterologous gene originating from Bacillus sp. and whose gene product shows activity against the European corn borer and/or the corn root worm. It is particularly preferably a heterologous gene derived from Bacillus thuringiensis.

In the context of the present invention, the composition according to the invention is applied to the seed either alone or in a suitable formulation. Preferably, the seed is treated in a state which is stable enough to avoid damage during treatment. In general, the seed may be treated at any point in time between harvest and sowing. The seed usually used has been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits.

When treating the seed, care must generally be taken that the amount of the composition according to the invention applied to the seed and/or the amount of further additives is chosen in such a way that the germination of the seed is not adversely affected, or that the resulting plant is not damaged. This must be borne in mind in particular in the case of active compounds which may have phytotoxic effects at certain application rates.

The active compounds of the present invention, when used against hygienic pests and stored grain pests, have a good stability to alkali on calcareous substances and also show an excellent residual activity in wood and soil.

In addition, the active compounds of the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the invention may be present as a mixed formulation with synergists and such formulations and usage forms may include commercially useful formulations and forms. Such synergists, which are not necessarily active per se, are compounds enhancing the action of the active compounds.

Generally, when used for the treatment of animals the active compounds according to the invention can be applied directly. Preferably they are applied as pharmaceutical compositions which may contain pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and/or auxiliaries which are known in the art.

In the veterinary field and in animal keeping, the active compounds are applied (=administered) in the known manner by enteral administration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, drinks, drenches, granules, pastes, boluses, the feed-through method, suppositories; by parenteral administration, such as, for example, by injections (intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal and the like), implants, by nasal application, by dermal application in the form of, for example, bathing or dipping, spraying, pouring-on and spotting-on, washing, dusting, and with the aid of active-compound-comprising shaped articles such as collars, ear tags, tail tags, limb bands, halters, marking devices and the like. The active compounds may be formulated as shampoo or as suitable formulations usable in aerosols, unpressurized sprays, for example pump sprays and atomizer sprays.

When used for livestock, poultry, domestic animals and the like, the active compounds according to the present invention can be applied as formulations (for example powders, wettable powders [“WP”], emulsions, emulsifiable concentrates [“EC”], flowables, homogeneous solutions and suspension concentrates [“SC”]) which comprise the active compounds in an amount of from 1 to 80% by weight, either directly or after dilution (e.g. 100- to 10 000-fold dilution), or else as a chemical bath.

When used in the veterinary field the active compounds according to the invention may be used in combination with suitable synergists or other active compounds, such as for example, acaricides, insecticides, anthelmintics, anti-protozoal drugs.

The present invention is more specifically illustrated by means of the following examples. However the present invention should not be limited only to these examples.

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 1 Synthesis of N-{4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methylbenzyl}acetamide (No. 3-11)

Sodium tert-butoxide (0.3 g), Tris (dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium(0) (chloroform adduct)(0.04 g) and xantphos (0.07 g) was added to the solution of 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine (0.59 g) and N-(4-bromo-2-methylbenzyl)acetamide (0.5 g) in toluene under argon atmosphere, and the mixture was heated with stirring at 80° C. for 5 hours. The reaction solution was diluted with t-butylmethylether and then washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel chromatography to yield N-{4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methylbenzyl}acetamide (0.6 g).

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.13-2.18 (6H, m), 2.51-2.53 (1H, m), 2.81-2.83 (1H, m), 3.45-3.56 (2H, m), 3.75-3.78 (1H, m), 4.01-4.04 (1H, m), 4.25 (1H, s), 4.57 (1H, s), 6.40-6.44 (2H, m), 6.93-6.96 (1H, m), 7.30-7.38 (3H, m)

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 2 Synthesis of 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-nitro-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzamide (No. 1-16) SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 2-1 Synthesis of 1-benzyl-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine (No. 5-11)

To the solution of 1,3-dichloro-5-[1-trifluoromethyl)vinyl]benzene (6.1 g) and N-benzyl-1-methoxy-N-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]methanamine (5.0 g) in dichloromethane was added dropwise the solution of trifluoroacetic acid (0.24 g) in dichloromethane while cooling with ice. On completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 hours. The solution was concentrated under the reduced pressure, and the residue was then diluted with t-butylmethylether. The solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the drying agent was filtered off, the solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 1-benzyl-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine (5.7 g). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.27-2.36 (1H, m), 2.53-2.62 (1H, m), 2.69-2.83 (2H, m), 3.08 (2H, dd), 3.67 (2H, s), 7.25-7.36 (8H, m)

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 2-2 Synthesis of 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine (No. 5-12)

The solution of 1-benzyl-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine (5.7 g) and 1-chloroethyl chloroformate (4.4 g) in dichloroethane was heated to reflux for 3 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then concentrated under the reduced pressure. Methanol was added to the resultant residue, which was then heated with stirring at 60° C. for two hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, to which was then added water. The solution was washed twice with the mixed solvent of hexane and ethyl acetate (9:1). The solution was alkalized with sodium hydrogen carbonate and then extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The organic layer was combined, which was then washed with brine and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the drying agent was filtered off, the solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure to yield 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine (4.2 g). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.24-2.33 (1H, m), 2.51-2.56 (1H, m), 2.97-3.07 (1H, m), 3.19-3.26 (2H, m), 3.74 (1H, d), 7.25 (2H, d), 7.35 (1H, t)

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 2-3 Synthesis of methyl 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-nitrobenzoate (No. 4-6)

To the solution of methyl 4-fluoro-2-nitrobenzoate (1.1 g) and 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine (1.5 g) in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone was added potassium carbonate (1.5 g) and the mixture was heated with stirring at 100° C. for two hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then poured into water, which was then extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was combined, which was then washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the drying agent was filtered off, the solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel chromatography to yield methyl 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-nitrobenzoate (1.24 g). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.53-2.67 (1H, m), 2.89-2.97 (1H, m), 3.50-3.71 (2H, m), 3.83 (1H, d), 3.85 (3H, s), 4.15 (1H, d), 6.69 (1H, dd), 6.75 (1H, d), 7.26 (2H, d), 7.42 (1H, t), 7.81 (1H, d)

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 2-4 Synthesis of 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-nitrobenzoic acid (No. 4-7)

To the solution of methyl 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-nitrobenzoate (1.24 g) in 1,4-dioxane was added 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide (5.4 mL), and the mixture was heated with stirring at 80° C. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then acidified with 2N hydrochloric acid before the mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was combined, which was then washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the drying agent was filtered off, the solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure to yield 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-nitrobenzoic acid (0.85 g). ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.58-2.72 (1H, m), 2.91-3.04 (1H, m), 3.47-3.57 (2H, m), 3.87 (1H, d), 4.32 (1H, d), 6.86 (1H, dd), 7.04 (1H, d), 7.65 (2H, d), 7.71 (1H, t), 7.78 (1H, d)

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 2-5 Synthesis of 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-nitro-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzamide (No. 1-16)

To the solution of 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-nitrobenzoic acid (0.3 g) and 2-picolylamine (0.07 g) in DMF was added 1-ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (0.13 g) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole monohydrate (0.01 g), and the mixture was stirred for 6 hour at room temperature. The reaction solution was poured into water, which was then extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was combined, which was then washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the drying agent, was filtered off, the solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 4-[3(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-nitro-N-(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)benzamide (0.19 g). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.54-2.65 (1H, m), 2.89-2.97 (1H, m), 3.51-3.67 (2H, m), 3.83 (1H, d), 4.13 (1H, d), 4.74 (2H, d), 6.75 (1H, dd), 7.08 (1H, d), 7.15-7.23 (2H, m), 7.28 (2H, br s), 7.37 (1H, d), 7.41 (1H, t), 7.49 (1H, d), 7.70 (1H, td), 8.52 (1H, d).

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 3 2-chloro-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzenecarbothioamide (No. 1-81)

To the solution of 2-chloro-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin1-yl]-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzamide (0.35 g) in toluene was added Lawesson reagent (0.28 g) and the mixture was heated to reflux for 3 hours. After the mixture was cooled to room temperature, the solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 2-chloro-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin1-yl]-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzenecarbothioamide (0.10 g). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.51-2.61 (1H, m), 2.84-2.92 (1H, m), 3.45-3.61 (2H, m), 3.79 (1H, d), 4.08 (1H, d), 5.08 (2H, d), 6.49-6.54 (2H, m), 7.22-7.28 (3H, m), 7.36 (1H, d), 7.40 (1H, t), 7.72 (1H, td), 7.79 (1H, d), 8.54 (1H, d), 9.27 (1H, br s).

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 4 Synthesis of N-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]benzyl}acetamide (No. 3-3) SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 4-1 Synthesis of 1-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl}methanamine (No. 4-49)

Sodium tert-butoxide (0.2 g), Tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium(0) (chloroform adduct)(0.03 g) and xantphos (0.05 g) was added to the solution of 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine (0.4 g) and 2-(2-chloro-4-iodobenzyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3-(2H)-dione (0.69 g) in toluene under argon atmosphere, and the mixture was heated with stirring at 80° C. for 3 hours. The reaction solution was diluted with t-butylmethylether and then washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure to yield the crude product. The product was dissolved in methanol, to which was then added aqueous hydrazine (0.03 g), followed by the mixture heated to reflux for 12 hours. The reaction solution was diluted with t-butylmethylether and then washed with saturated saline. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 1-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl}methanamine (0.12 g). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.47-2.54 (1H, m), 2.78-2.85 (1H, m), 3.46-3.49 (2H, m), 3.69-4.01 (4H, m), 6.47-6.50 (1H, m), 6.73-6.76 (1H, m), 7.25-7.35 (4H, m).

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 4-2 Synthesis of N-(2-chloro-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]benzyl}acetamide (No. 3-3)

To the solution of 1-(2-chloro-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl}methanamine (0.12 g) and triethylamine (0.04 g) in tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise acetyl chloride (0.02 g), and the mixture was stirred for one hour at room temperature. The reaction solution was diluted with t-butylmethylether and then washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel chromatography to yield N-{2-chloro-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]benzyl}acetamide (0.1 g). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 1.98-2.01 (3H, m), 2.50-2.58 (1H, m), 2.82-2.87 (1H, m), 3.45-3.51 (2H, m), 3.74 (1H, d), 4.02 (1H, d), 4.41 (2H), 6.43-6.46 (1H, m), 6.58-6.59 (1H, m), 7.26-7.38 (4H, m)

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 5 Synthesis of 1-{2-bromo-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl}-1H-tetrazole (No. 2-23) SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 5-1 Synthesis of 1-(bromo-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine (No. 4-20)

To the solution of 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine (1.3 g) and 2-bromo-4-fluoro-1-nitrobenzene (1.0 g) in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone was added potassium carbonate (1.3 g), and the mixture was heated with stirring at 100° C. for 3 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then poured into water, which was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was combined, which was then washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the drying agent was filtered off, the solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 1-(3-bromo-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine (1.56 g). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.53-2.66 (1H, m), 2.89-2.97 (1H, m), 3.51-3.71 (2H, m), 3.83 (1H, d), 4.16 (1H, d), 6.53 (1H, dd), 6.84 (1H, d), 7.27 (2H, br s), 7.42 (1H, t), 8.07 (1H, d).

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 5-2 Synthesis of 2-bromo-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]aniline (No. 4-21)

To the solution of 1-(3-bromo-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine(1.10 g) in the mixed solvent of 1,4-dioxane and ethanol was added stannous chloride dihydrate (2.05 g) and a small amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and the mixture was then stirred 4 hours at 90° C. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then poured into the mixed solution of ethyl acetate and water, which was then neutralized with sodium hydrogen carbonate with vigorous stirring. After filtration of precipitate through Celite, the organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was combined, which was then washed with brine and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the drying agent was filtered off, the solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 2-bromo-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]aniline (0.73 g). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.44-2.54 (1H, m), 2.75-2.83 (1H, m), 3.32-3.50 (2H, m), 3.56-3.76 (3H, m), 3.92 (1H, d), 6.46 (1H, dd), 6.70-6.78 (2H, m), 7.29 (2H, br s), 7.37 (1H, t).

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 5-3 Synthesis of 1-{2-bromo-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl}-1H-tetrazole (No. 2-23)

To the mixture of 2-bromo-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]aniline (0.60 g), triethyl orthoformate (0.98 g) and sodium azide (0.38 g) was added acetic acid (1.1 g), and the mixture was then heated with stifling at 100° C. for 4 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then poured into water, which was then extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was combined, which was then washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the drying agent was filtered off, the solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 1-{2-bromo-4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl}-1H-tetrazole (0.52 g). m.p. 193-194° C.

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 6 Synthesis of 5-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile (No. 2-39) SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 6-1 Synthesis of 5-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-fluorobenzonitrile (No. 4-17)

3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine (0.6 g) and 2-fluoro-5-iodobenzonitrile (0.57 g) was dissolved in toluene, which was then degassed 3 times. To the solution in toluene was added sodium tert-butoxide (0.20 g), Tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium chloroform complex (0.04 g) and Xantphos (0.07 g) under argon atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for two hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then diluted with ethyl acetate, which was then washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the drying agent was filtered off, the solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 5-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-fluorobenzonitrile (0.54 g). m.p. 184-186° C.

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 6-2 Synthesis of 5-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile (No. 2-39)

To the solution of 1H-1,2,4-triazole (0.06 g) in DMF was added sodium hydride (0.04 g) while cooling with ice, and the mixture was warmed to room temperature and then stirred for 0.5 hr. To this solution was added the solution of 5-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl] 2-fluorobenzonitrile (0.30 g) in DMF, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 6 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then poured into water, which was then extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was combined, which was then washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the drying agent was filtered off, the solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 5-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile (0.18 g). ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.62-2.73 (1H, m), 2.95-3.03 (1H, m), 3.49-3.55 (2H, m), 3.90 (1H, d), 4.31 (1H, d), 7.09 (1H, dd), 7.29 (1H, d), 7.61 (1H, d), 7.68 (2H, d), 7.71 (1H, t), 8.26 (1H, s), 8.98 (1H, s)

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 7 Synthesis of 1,3-dimethyl-2-nitro-5-[1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl]benzene (No.6-1)

5-bromo-1,3-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene (10.0 g), [1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl]boronic acid (purity:60%, 13.4 g) and potassium carbonate (14.4 g) was dissolved in the mixed solvent of THF and water, which was then degassed three times. To the solution was added dichloro bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II) (1.5 g), and the mixture was heated to reflux for 3 hours under argon atmosphere. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then poured into water, which was then extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was combined, which was then washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the drying agent was filtered off, the solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 1,3-dimethyl-2-nitro-5-[1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl]benzene (11.2g). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.34 (6H, s), 5.78-5.80 (1H, m), 6.03-6.04 (1H, m), 7.20 (2H, s).

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLE 8 Synthesis of 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]benzonitrile (No.4-2)

To the solution of 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine (0.30 g) and 4-fluorobenzonitrile (0.12 g) in DMSO (dimethylsurufoxide) was added potassium carbonate (0.27 g), and the mixture was heated with stirring at 120° C. for 6 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then poured onto water, which was then extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was combined, which was then washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After the drying agent was filtered off, the solvent was distilled away under the reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified by silica gel chromatography to yield 4-[3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]benzonitrile (0.05 g). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 2.51-2.62 (1H, m), 2.86-2.94 (1H, m), 3.56-3.61 (2H, m), 3.80 (1H, d), 4.12 (1H, d), 6.59 (2H, d), 7.26 (2H, br s), 7.41 (1H, t), 7.52 (2H, d).

The compounds and intermediates of the formula (I) or formula (Ia) of the invention obtained by the same methods as those of the above synthetic examples and according to the methods described above in detail, as well as their physical values are showed in tables 1-13. Each compound obtained in the above synthetic examples is also showed in each correspondent table.

In these tables, the following abbreviations are used.

Me: methyl, Et:ethyl, Pr:propyl, Bu:butyl, Ph:phenyl, Pen:pentyl.

TABLE 1

(X)m R Y R1 R2 A W m.p. ° C.) 1-1 3,5-diCl CF3 H CF3CH2 H CH O 1-2 3,5-diCl CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-3 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 CF3CH2 H CH O 1-4 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-5 3,5-diCl CF3 F CF3CH2 H CH O 1-6 3,5-diCl CF3 F 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-7 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CF3CH2 H CH O 1-8 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-9 3,5-diCl CF3 Br CF3CH2 H CH O 1-10 3,5-diCl CF3 Br 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-11 3,5-diCl CF3 Br cyclo-Pr H CH O 1-12 3,5-diCl CF3 Br NCCH2CH2 H CH O 1-13 3,5-diCl CF3 I CF3CH2 H CH O 1-14 3,5-diCl CF3 I 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-15 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H CH O 1-16 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-17 3-Cl CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-18 3-Cl CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H CH O 1-19 3-Br CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-20 3-CF3 CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 169-170 1-21 3-CF3 CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H CH O 1-22 3,5-diCF3 CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-23 3,5-diCF3 CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H CH O 1-24 3-NO2 CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 176-179 1-25 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-26 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3O 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-27 3,5-diCl CF3 CN 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-28 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3O 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-29 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3S 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-30 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3S(O) 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-31 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3S(O)2 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-32 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-33 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S(O) 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-34 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S(O)2 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-35 3,5-diCl CF3 OH 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-36 3,5-diCl CF3 SH 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-37 3,5-diCl CF3 NH2 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-38 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCOCH3 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-39 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCOCF3 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-40 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCO2CH3 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-41 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCO2CH2CCl3 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-42 3-CH3 CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-43 3-CH3O CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-44 3-CN CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-45 3-CF3O CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-46 3-CH3S CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-47 3-CH3S(O) CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-48 3-CH3S(O)2 CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-49 3-CF3S CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-50 3-CF3S(O) CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-51 3-CF3S(O)2 CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-52 3-OH CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-53 3-SH CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-54 3,5-diCl CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-55 3,4-diCl CF3 H CF3CH2 H CH O 77-80 1-56 3,4,5-triCl CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-57 3 4,5-triCl CF3 H CF3CH2 H CH O 1-58 3,5-diBr CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-59 3,5-diBr CF3 H CF3CH2 H CH O 1-60 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-61 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 H CF3CH2 H CH O 1-62 3,5-diCl CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH S 1-63 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 H H CH O 1-64 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 Me H CH O 1-65 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 iso-Pr H CH O 1-66 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 PhCH2 H CH O 1-67 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CH2CO2CH3 H CH O 1-68 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CH2CONMe H CH O 1-69 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CH2(cyclo)Pr H CH O 1-70 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 SO2Me H CH O 1-71 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 SO2CF3 H CH O 1-72 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CH2═CHCH2 H CH O 1-73 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 HCCCH2 H CH O 1-74 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CH2CN H CH O 1-75 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 C(Me)2CH2SCH3 H CH O 1-76 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 2-F—Ph H CH O 1-77 3,5-diCl CH3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-78 3,5-diCl CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H N O 1-79 3,5-diCl CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 CH3 CH O 1-80 3-NO2 CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H CH O 1-81 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl 2-PyridylCH2 H CH S 1-82 2-diCl CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-83 2,3-diCl CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-84 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 3-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-85 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 4-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-86 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 2-(6-Cl-pyridyl)CH2 H CH O 1-87 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 3-(6-Cl-pyridyl)CH2 H CH O 1-88 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 2-PyrinidinylCH2 H CH O 1-89 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 1-(1-ethylpyrrolidin- H CH O 2-yl)CH2 1-90 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 CF3CH2 H CH O 1-91 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 2-(6-Cl-pyridyl)CH2 H CH O 1-92 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 Me2NCH═ CH O 1-93 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 EtON═CH H CH O 1-94 3,5-diCl CF3 C═NOCH3 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-95 4-Cl CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-96 4-Cl CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H CH O 1-97 3,5-diCl CF3 CN CF3CH2 H CH O 1-98 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 H H CH O 1-99 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O 1-100 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 CF3CH2 H CH O 1-101 3,5-diCl CF3 H CF3CH2 H N O 1-102 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 2-PyridylCH2 H CH O

TABLE 2

G1

G2

G3

G4

G5

G6

G7

G8

G9 m.p. (X)m R Y G Z A ° C.) 2-1 3,5-diCl CF3 H G1 H CH 2-2 3,5-diCl CF3 H G2 H CH 2-3 3,5-diCl CF3 H G3 H CH 2-4 3,5-diCl CF3 H G4 H CH 2-5 3,5-diCl CF3 H G5 H CH 2-6 3,5-diCl CF3 H G6 H CH 2-7 3,5-diCl CF3 H G7 H CH 2-8 3,5-diCl CF3 H G8 H CH 2-9 3,5-diCl CF3 H G9 H CH 2-10 3,5-diCl CF3 F G6 H CH 2-11 3,5-diCl CF3 F G8 H CH 2-12 3,5-diCl CF3 F G9 H CH 2-13 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl G6 H CH 2-14 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl G8 H CH 2-15 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl G9 H CH 2-16 3,5-diCl CF3 Br G1 H CH 2-17 3,5-diCl CF3 Br G2 H CH 2-18 3,5-diCl CF3 Br G3 H CH 2-19 3,5-diCl CF3 Br G4 H CH 2-20 3,5-diCl CF3 Br G5 H CH 2-21 3,5-diCl CF3 Br G6 H CH 2-22 3,5-diCl CF3 Br G7 H CH 2-23 3,5-diCl CF3 Br G8 H CH 193- 194 2-24 3,5-diCl CF3 Br G9 H CH 2-25 3,5-diCl CF3 I G6 H CH 2-26 3,5-diCl CF3 I G8 H CH 2-27 3,5-diCl CF3 I G9 H CH 2-28 3,5-diCl CF3 Me G6 H CH 2-29 3,5-diCl CF3 Me G8 H CH 2-30 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 G6 H CH 2-31 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 G8 H CH 2-32 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 G6 H CH 2-33 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 G8 H CH 2-34 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G1 H CH 2-35 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G2 H CH 2-36 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G3 H CH 2-37 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G4 H CH 2-38 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G5 H CH 2-39 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-40 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G7 H CH 2-41 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G8 H CH 192- 193 2-42 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G9 H CH 2-43 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 G6 H CH 2-44 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 G8 H CH 2-45 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 G6 H CH 2-45 3,5-diCl CF3 MeS G6 H CH 2-47 3,5-diCl CF3 MeSO G6 H CH 2-48 3,5-diCl CF3 MeSO2 G6 H CH 2-49 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S G6 H CH 2-50 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S(O) G6 H CH 2-51 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S(O)2 G6 H CH 2-52 3,5-diCl CF3 OCH3 G6 H CH 2-53 3,5-diCl CF3 OCF3 G6 H CH 2-54 3,5-diCl CF3 OH G6 H CH 2-55 3,5-diCl CF3 SH G6 H CH 2-56 3,5-diCl CF3 NH2 G6 H CH 2-57 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCOCH3 G6 H CH 2-58 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCO2CH3 G6 H CH 2-59 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCO2CH2CCl3 G6 H CH 2-60 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G2 3-NO2 CH 2-61 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G2 3-CN CH 2-62 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G6 3-NO2 CH 2-63 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G6 3-CN CH 2-64 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G2 Cl CH 2-65 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G2 Br CH 2-66 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G2 CH3 CH 2-67 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G2 CF3 CH 2-68 3-Cl CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-89 3-Cl CF3 CN G8 H CH 2-70 3-CF3 CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-71 3-CF3 CF3 CN G8 H CH 2-72 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-73 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CN G8 H CH 2-74 3-NO2 CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-75 3-NO2 CF3 CN G8 H CH 2-76 3,4-diCl CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-77 3,4-diCl CF3 CN G8 H CH 2-78 3,5-diBr CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-79 3,5-diBr CF3 CN G8 H CH 2-80 3,5-diBr CF3 Br G6 H CH 2-81 3,5-diBr CF3 Br G8 H CH 2-82 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-83 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CN G8 H CH 2-84 3,4,5-triCl CF3 Br G6 H CH 2-85 3,4,5-triCl CF3 Br G8 H CH 2-86 3,5-diMe- CF3 CN G8 H CH 4-NO2 2-87 3-CH3 CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-88 3-CH3O CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-89 3-CN CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-90 3-CF3O CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-91 3-CF3O CF3 CN G8 H CH 2-92 3-CH3S CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-93 3-CH3S CF3 CN G8 H CH 2-94 3-CH3S(O) CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-95 3-CH3S(O)2 CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-96 3-CF3S CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-97 3-CF3S(O) CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-98 3-CF3S(O)2 CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-99 3-OH CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-100 3-SH CF3 CN G6 H CH 2-101 3,5-diCl CH3 Br G6 H CH 2-102 3,5-diCl CH3 Br G8 H CH 2-103 3,5-diCl CF3 Br G6 H N 2-104 3,5-diCl CF3 Br G8 H N 2-105 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G6 H N 2-106 3,5-diCl CF3 CN G8 H N 2-107 3,5-diCl CF3 C═NOCH3 G6 H CH 2-108 3,5-diCl CF3 C═NOCH3 G8 H CH 2-109 3,5-diCl CF3 NHSO2CH3 G6 H CH 2-110 3,5-diCl CF3 NHSO2CH3 G8 H CH 2-111 3,5-diCl CF3 NHSO2CF3 G6 H CH 2-112 3,5-diCl CF3 NHSO2CF3 G8 H CH

TABLE 3

(X)m R Y R2 R3 R4 R5 A l m.p. ° C.) 3-1 3,5-diCl CF3 H H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-2 3,5-diCl CF3 H H H H COC2H5 CH 1 3-3 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-4 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-5 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COC2H5 CH 1 3-6 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CO(i-Pr) CH 1 3-7 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CO2-pyridyl CH 1 3-8 3,5-diCl CF3 F H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-9 3,5-diCl CF3 I H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-10 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-11 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-12 3,5-diCl CF3 MeS H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-13 3,5-diCl CF3 MeSO H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-14 3,5-diCl CF3 MeSO2 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-15 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-16 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S(O) H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-17 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S(O)2 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-18 3,5-diCl CF3 OCH3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-19 3,5-diCl CF3 OCF3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-20 3,5-diCl CF3 OH H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-21 3,5-diCl CF3 SH H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-22 3,5-diCl CF3 NH2 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-23 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCOCH3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-24 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCO2CH3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-25 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCO2CH2CCl3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-26 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H Me CO2-pyridyl CH 1 3-27 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H Me COCH3 CH 1 3-28 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H Et COCH3 CH 1 3-29 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H vinyl COCH3 CH 1 3-30 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H propargyl COCH3 CH 1 3-31 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H CH2Ph COCH3 CH 1 3-32 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H CN COCH3 CH 1 3-33 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H CH2CF3 COCH3 CH 1 3-34 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H cycloPr COCH3 CH 1 3-35 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H COCH3 COCH3 CH 1 3-36 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COC2H5 CH 1 3-37 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COC2F5 CH 1 3-38 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COPh CH 1 3-39 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H CO2-pyridyl CH 1 3-40 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H CONMe2 CH 1 3-41 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H CO2Me CH 1 3-42 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COSMe CH 1 3-43 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H Me COCH3 CH 1 3-44 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H 2-pyridylCO COCH3 CH 1 3-45 3,5-diBr CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-46 3-Cl CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-47 3-CF3 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-48 3,5-diCF3 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-49 3,4,5-triCl CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-50 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-51 3-NO2 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-52 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 N 1 3-53 3-CH3 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-54 3-CH3O CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-55 3-CN CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-56 3-CF3O CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-57 3-CH3S CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-58 3-CH3S(O) CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-59 3-CH3S(O)2 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-60 3-CF3S CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-61 3-CF3S(O) CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-62 3-CF3S(O)2 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-63 3-OH CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-64 3-SH CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-65 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CN H H COCH3 CH 1 3-66 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl Me H H COCH3 CH 1 3-67 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl Me Me H COCH3 CH 1 3-68 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl cyclo-Pr H H COCH3 CH 1 3-69 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CF3 H H COCH3 CH 1 3-70 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CO2Me H H COCH3 CH 1 3-71 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CH═CH2 H H COCH3 CH 1 3-72 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CH2CH2 H COCH3 CH 1 3-73 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CCH H H COCH3 CH 1 3-74 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COEt CH 1 3-75 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPr-n CH 1 3-76 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPr-iso CH 1 3-77 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COBu-tert CH 1 3-78 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COCF3 CH 1 3-79 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh CH 1 3-80 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COpyridyl-2 CH 1 3-81 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COpyridyl-3 CH 1 3-82 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COpyridylCO-4 CH 1 3-83 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—F-2 CH 1 3-84 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—F-3 CH 1 3-85 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—F-4 CH 1 3-86 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—Cl-2 CH 1 3-87 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—Cl-3 CH 1 3-88 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—Cl-4 CH 1 3-89 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—Br-2 CH 1 3-90 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—Me-2 CH 1 3-91 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COvinyl CH 1 3-92 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COpropargyl CH 1 3-93 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H MeSO2 CH 1 3-94 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CF3SO2 CH 1 3-95 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CONHMe CH 1 3-96 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CONMe2 CH 1 3-97 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CO2Me CH 1 3-98 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H C(O)SMe CH 1 3-99 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CSMe CH 1 3-100 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CON(Me)OMe CH 1 3-101 3,5-diCl CH3 Br H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-102 3,5-diCl CH3 CF3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-103 3,5-diCl CH3 CN H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-104 3,5-diCl CH3 NH2 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-105 3,5-diCl CH3 NHCOCH3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-106 3,5-diCl CH3 NHCOCF3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-107 3,5-diCl CH3 NHCO2CH3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-108 3,5-diCl CH3 NHCO2CH2CCl3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-109 3,5-diCl CH3 NHSO2CH3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-110 3,5-diCl CH3 NHSO2CF3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-111 3,5-diCl CH3 C═NOCH3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-112 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COCH3 CH 2 3-113 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-114 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 H H H COC2H5 CH 1 3-115 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 H H H COPr-cyclo CH 1 3-116 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 H H H COCH3 CH 1 3-117 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 H H H COC2H5 CH 1 3-118 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 H H H COPr-cyclo CH 1 3-119 3,4-diCl, 5-CF3 CF3 CF3 H H H COCH3 CH 1

TABLE 4

(X)m R Y T⁴ A m.p. ° C.) 4-1 3,5-diCl CF3 H NO2 CH 4-2 3,5-diCl CF3 H CN CH 4-3 3,5-diCl CF3 H NH2 CH 4-4 3,5-diCl CF3 H CO2Et CH 161-163 4-5 3,5-diCl CF3 H CO2H CH 4-6 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-7 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CO2H CH 4-8 3,5-diCl CF3 NH2 CO2Me CH 4-9 3,5-diCl CF3 F CO2Me CH 4-10 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CO2Me CH 4-11 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CO2Bu-t CH 4-12 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CO2H CH 4-13 3,5-diCl CF3 Br CO2Me CH 4-14 3,5-diCl CF3 I CO2Me CH 4-15 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 CO2Me CH 4-16 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CH3 CH 4-17 3,5-diCl CF3 CN F CH 184-186 4-18 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 NO2 CH 4-19 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 NH2 CH 4-20 3,5-diCl CF3 Br NO2 CH 4-21 3,5-diCl CF3 Br NH2 CH 4-22 3-CF3 CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 146-148 4-23 3-CF3 CF3 NO2 CO2H CH 4-24 3,5-diCF3 CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-25 3,5-diCF3 CF3 NO2 CO2H CH 4-26 3,4-diCl CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-27 3,4-diCl CF3 NO2 CO2H CH 4-28 3-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 142-144 4-29 3-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2H CH 4-30 3,5-diBr CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-31 3,4,5-triCl CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-32 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-33 3-NO2 CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-34 3-CH3 CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-35 3-CH3O CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-36 3-CN CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-37 3-CF3O CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-38 3-CH3S CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-39 3-CH3S(O) CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-40 3-CH3S(O)2 CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-41 3-CF3S CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-42 3-CF3S(O) CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-43 3-CF3S(O)2 CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-44 3-OH CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-45 3-SH CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-48 3,5-diCl CF3 H CO2Me N 4-47 3-NO2 CF3 NO2 CO2H CH 4-48 3,4,5-triCl CF3 NO2 CO2H CH 4-49 2-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-50 2-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2H CH 4-51 4-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-52 4-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2H CH 4-53 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 CO2Et CH 4-54 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 CO2H CH 4-55 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 NO2 CO2H CH 4-56 3,4,5-triCl CF3 NO2 CO2Me CH 4-57 3,5-diCl CF3 CN CO2H CH 4-58 3,5-diCl CF3 CN CO2Me CH 4-59 3,5-diCl CF3 H CO2Bu-t N 4-60 3,5-diCl CF3 H CO2H N 4-61 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 CO2Et CH 4-62 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 F CH 4-63 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 NO2 CH 4-64 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 NH2 CH 4-65 3,5-diCl CF3 F CO2Et CH 4-66 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 CO2Et CH 4-67 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 CO2H CH

TABLE 5

(X)m R T¹ m.p. ° C.) 5-1 2-Cl CF3 CH₂Ph 5-2 2-Cl CF3 H 5-3 3-Cl CF3 CH₂Ph 5-4 3-Cl CF3 H 5-5 4-Cl CF3 CH₂Ph 5-6 4-Cl CF3 H 5-7 2,3-diCl CF3 CH₂Ph 5-8 2,3-diCl CF3 H 5-9 3,4-diCl CF3 CH₂Ph 5-10 3,4-diCl CF3 H 5-11 3,5-diCl CF3 CH₂Ph 5-12 3,5-diCl CF3 H 5-13 3,5-diCl CF3 H, HCl salt 5-14 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CH₂Ph 5-15 3,4,5-triCl CF3 H 5-16 3-CF3 CF3 CH₂Ph 5-17 3-CF3 CF3 H 5-18 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CH₂Ph 5-19 3,5-diCF3 CF3 H 5-20 3-Br CF3 CH₂Ph 5-21 3-Br CF3 H 5-22 3,5-diBr CF3 CH₂Ph 5-23 3,5-diBr CF3 H 5-24 3-NO2 CF3 CH₂Ph 5-25 3-NO2 CF3 H 5-26 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 CH₂Ph 5-27 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 H 5-28 3-CN CF3 CH₂Ph 5-29 3-CN CF3 H 5-30 3-OCF₃ CF3 CH₂Ph 5-31 3-OCF₃ CF3 H 5-32 3-SCF₃ CF3 CH₂Ph 5-33 3-SCF₃ CF3 H 5-34 3-S(O)CF₃ CF3 CH₂Ph 5-35 3-S(O)CF₃ CF3 H 5-36 3-S(O)₂CF₃ CF3 CH₂Ph 5-37 3-S(O)₂CF₃ CF3 H 5-38 3,4-diCl, 5-CF3 CF3 CH₂Ph 5-39 3,4-diCl, 5-CF3 CF3 H

TABLE 6

T² T³ m.p. ° C.) 6-1 CH3 CH3 6-2 CH3 CH2CH3 6-3 CH2CH3 CH2CH3 6-4 n-Pr n-Pr 6-5 iso-Pr iso-Pr 6-6 cyclo-Pr cyclo-Pr 6-7 n-Bu n-Bu 6-8 tert-Bu tert-Bu 6-9 n-Pen n-Pen

TABLE 7

(X)m R Y R1 R2 W m.p. ° C.) 7-1 3,5-diCl CF3 H CF3CH2 H O 7-2 3,5-diCl CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-3 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 CF3CH2 H O 7-4 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-5 3,5-diCl CF3 F CF3CH2 H O 7-6 3,5-diCl CF3 F 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-7 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CF3CH2 H O 7-8 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-9 3,5-diCl CF3 Br CF3CH2 H O 7-10 3,5-diCl CF3 Br 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-11 3,5-diCl CF3 Br cyclo-Pr H O 7-12 3,5-diCl CF3 Br NCCH2CH2 H O 7-13 3,5-diCl CF3 I CF3CH2 H O 7-14 3,5-diCl CF3 I 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-15 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H O 7-16 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-17 3-Cl CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-18 3-Cl CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H O 7-19 3-Br CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-20 3-CF3 CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-21 3-CF3 CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H O 7-22 3,5-diCF3 CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-23 3,5-diCF3 CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H O 7-24 3-NO2 CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-25 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-26 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 CF3CH2 H O 7-27 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3O 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-28 3,5-diCl CF3 CN 2-PyridiylCH2 H O 7-29 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3O 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-30 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3S 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-31 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3S(O) 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-32 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3S(O)2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-33 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-34 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S(O) 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-35 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S(O)2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-36 3,5-diCl CF3 OH 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-37 3,5-diCl CF3 SH 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-38 3,5-diCl CF3 NH2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-39 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCOCH3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-40 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCOCF3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-41 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCO2CH3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-42 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCO2CH2CCl3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-43 3-CH3 CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-44 3-CH3O CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-45 3-CN CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-46 3-CF3O CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-47 3-CH3S CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-48 3-CH3S(O) CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-49 3-CH3S(O)2 CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-50 3-CF3S CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-51 3-CF3S(O) CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-52 3-CF3S(O)2 CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-53 3-OH CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-54 3-SH CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-55 3,4-diCl CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-56 3,4-diCl CF3 H CF3CH2 H O 7-57 3,4,5-triCl CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-58 3,4,5-triCl CF3 H CF3CH2 H O 7-59 3,5-diBr CF3 H 2-PyridiCH2 H O 7-60 3,5-diBr CF3 H CF3CH2 H O 7-61 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-62 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 H CF3CH2 H O 7-63 3,5-diCl CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-64 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 H H O 7-65 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 Me H O 7-66 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 iso-Pr H O 7-67 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 PhCH2 H O 7-68 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CH2CO2CH3 H O 7-69 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CH2CONMe H O 7-70 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CH2(cyclo)Pr H O 7-71 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 SO2Me H O 7-72 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 SO2CF3 H O 7-73 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CH2═CHCH2 H O 7-74 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 HCCCH2 H O 7-75 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CH2CN H O 7-76 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 C(Me)2CH2SCH3 H O 7-77 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 2-F—Ph H O 7-78 3,5-diCl CH3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-79 3,5-diCl CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 CH3 O 7-80 3-NO2 CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H O 7-81 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl 2-PyridylCH2 H S 7-82 2-diCl CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-83 2,3-diCl CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-84 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 3-PyridylCH2 H O 7-85 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 4-PyridylCH2 H O 7-86 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 2-(6-Cl-pyridyl)CH2 H O 7-87 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 3-(6-Cl-pyridyl)CH2 H O 7-88 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 2-PyrinidinylCH2 H O 7-89 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 1-(1-ethylpyrrolidin- H O 2-yl)CH2 7-90 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 CF3CH2 H O 7-91 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 2-(6-Cl-pyridyl)CH2 H O 7-92 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 Me2NCH═ O 7-93 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 EtON═CH H O 7-94 3,5-diCl CF3 C═NOCH3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-95 4-Cl CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-96 4-Cl CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H O 7-97 3,5-diCl CF3 CN CF3CH2 H O 7-98 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 H H O 7-99 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 7-100 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 CF3CH2 H O

TABLE 8

(X)m R Y R1 R2 W m.p. ° C.) 8-1 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 CF3CH2 H O 8-2 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-3 3,5-diCl CF3 F CF3CH2 H O 8-4 3,5-diCl CF3 F 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-5 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CF3CH2 H O 8-6 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-7 3,5-diCl CF3 Br CF3CH2 H O 8-8 3,5-diCl CF3 Br 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-9 3,5-diCl CF3 Br cyclo-Pr H O 8-10 3,5-diCl CF3 Br NCCH2CH2 H O 8-11 3,5-diCl CF3 I CF3CH2 H O 8-12 3,5-diCl CF3 I 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-13 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H O 8-14 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-15 3-Cl CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-16 3-Cl CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H O 8-17 3-Br CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-18 3-CF3 CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-19 3-CF3 CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H O 8-20 3,5-diCF3 CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-21 3,5-diCF3 CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H O 8-22 3-NO2 CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-23 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-24 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 CF3CH2 H O 8-25 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 H H O 8-26 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3O 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-27 3,5-diCl CF3 CN 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-28 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3O 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-29 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3S 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-30 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3S(O) 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-31 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3S(O)2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-32 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-33 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S(O) 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-34 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S(O)2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-35 3,5-diCl CF3 OH 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-36 3,5-diCl CF3 SH 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-37 3,5-diCl CF3 NH2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-38 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCOCH3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-39 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCOCF3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-40 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCO2CH3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-41 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCO2CH2CCl3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-42 3-CH3 CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-43 3-CH3O CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-44 3-CN CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-45 3-CF3O CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-46 3-CH3S CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-47 3-CH3S(O) CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-48 3-CH3S(O)2 CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-49 3-CF3S CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-50 3-CF3S(O) CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-51 3-CF3S(O)2 CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-52 3-OH CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-53 3-SH CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-54 3,4-diCl CF3 H 2-PridylCH2 H O 8-55 3,4-diCl CF3 H CF3CH2 H O 8-56 3,4,5-triCl CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-57 3,4,5-triCl CF3 H CF3CH2 H O 8-58 3,5-diBr CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-59 3,5-diBr CF3 H CF3CH2 H O 8-60 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-61 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 H CF3CH2 H O 8-62 3,5-diCl CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H S 8-63 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 H H O 8-64 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 Me H O 8-65 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 iso-Pr H O 8-66 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 PhCH2 H O 8-67 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CH2CO2CH3 H O 8-68 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CH2CONMe H O 8-69 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CH2(cyclo)Pr H O 8-70 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 SO2Me H O 8-71 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 SO2CF3 H O 8-72 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CH2═CHCH2 H O 8-73 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 HCCCH2 H O 8-74 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CH2CN H O 8-75 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 C(Me)2CH2SCH3 H O 8-76 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 2-F—Ph H O 8-77 3,5-diCl CH3 H 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-78 3,5-diCl CF3 H 2-PyridylCH2 CH3 O 8-79 3-NO2 CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H O 8-80 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl 2-PyridylCH2 H S 8-81 2-diCl CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-82 2,3-diCl CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-83 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 3-PyridylCH2 H O 8-84 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 4-PyridylCH2 H O 8-85 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 2-(6-Cl-pyridyl)CH2 H O 8-86 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 3-(6-Cl-pyridyl)CH2 H O 8-87 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 2-PyrinidinylCH2 H O 8-88 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 1-(1-ethylpyrrolidin- H O 2-yl)CH2 8-89 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 CF3CH2 H O 8-90 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 2-(6-Cl-pyridyl)CH2 H O 8-91 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 Me2NCH═ O 8-92 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 EtON═CH H O 8-93 3,5-diCl CF3 C═NOCH3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-94 4-Cl CF3 NO2 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-95 4-Cl CF3 NO2 CF3CH2 H O 8-96 3,5-diCl CF3 CN CF3CH2 H O 8-97 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 H H O 8-98 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 2-PyridylCH2 H O 8-99 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 CF3CH2 H O

TABLE 9

(X)m R Y R2 R3 R4 R5 l m.p. ° C.) 9-1 3,5-diCl CF3 H H H H COCH3 1 9-2 3,5-diCl CF3 H H H H COC2H5 1 9-3 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-4 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COCH3 1 9-5 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COC2H5 1 9-6 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CO(i-Pr) 1 9-7 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CO2-pyridyl 1 9-8 3,5-diCl CF3 F H H H COCH3 1 9-9 3,5-diCl CF3 I H H H COCH3 1 9-10 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 H H H COCH3 1 9-11 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 H H H COCH3 1 9-12 3,5-diCl CF3 MeS H H H COCH3 1 9-13 3,5-diCl CF3 MeSO H H H COCH3 1 9-14 3,5-diCl CF3 MeSO2 H H H COCH3 1 9-15 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S H H H COCH3 1 9-16 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S(O) H H H COCH3 1 9-17 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S(O)2 H H H COCH3 1 9-18 3,5-diCl CF3 OCH3 H H H COCH3 1 9-19 3,5-diCl CF3 OCF3 H H H COCH3 1 9-20 3,5-diCl CF3 OH H H H COCH3 1 9-21 3,5-diCl CF3 SH H H H COCH3 1 9-22 3,5-diCl CF3 NH2 H H H COCH3 1 9-23 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCOCH3 H H H COCH3 1 9-24 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCO2CH3 H H H COCH3 1 9-25 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCO2CH2CCl3 H H H COCH3 1 9-26 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H Me CO2-pyridyl 1 9-27 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H Me COCH3 1 9-28 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H Et COCH3 1 9-29 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H vinyl COCH3 1 9-30 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H propargyl COCH3 1 9-31 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H CH2Ph COCH3 1 9-32 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H CN COCH3 1 9-33 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H CH2CF3 COCH3 1 9-34 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H cycloPr COCH3 1 9-35 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H COCH3 COCH3 1 9-36 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COC2H5 1 9-37 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COC2F5 1 9-38 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COPh 1 9-39 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H CO2-pyridyl 1 9-40 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H CONMe2 1 9-41 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H CO2Me 1 9-42 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COSMe 1 9-43 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H Me COCH3 1 9-44 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H 2-pyridylCO COCH3 1 9-45 3,5-diBr CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-46 3-Cl CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-47 3-CF3 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-48 3,5-diCF3 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-49 3,4,5-triCl CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-50 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-51 3-NO2 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-52 3-CH3 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-53 3-CH3O CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-54 3-CN CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-55 3-CF3O CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-56 3-CH3S CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-57 3-CH3S(O) CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-58 3-CH3S(O)2 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-59 3-CF3S CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-60 3-CF3S(O) CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-61 3-CF3S(O)2 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-62 3-OH CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-63 3-SH CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 9-64 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CN H H COCH3 1 9-65 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl Me H H COCH3 1 9-66 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl Me Me H COCH3 1 9-67 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl cyclo-Pr H H COCH3 1 9-68 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CF3 H H COCH3 1 9-69 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CO2Me H H COCH3 1 9-70 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CH═CH2 H H COCH3 1 9-71 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CH2CH2 H COCH3 1 9-72 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CCH H H COCH3 1 9-73 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COEt 1 9-74 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPr-n 1 9-75 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPr-iso 1 9-76 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COBu-tert 1 9-77 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COCF3 1 9-78 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh 1 9-79 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COpyridyl-2 1 9-80 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COpyridyl-3 1 9-81 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COpyridylCO-4 1 9-82 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—F-2 1 9-83 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—F-3 1 9-84 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—F-4 1 9-85 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—Cl-2 1 9-86 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—Cl-3 1 9-87 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—Cl-4 1 9-88 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—Br-2 1 9-89 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—Me-2 1 9-90 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COvinyl 1 9-91 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COpropargyl 1 9-92 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H MeSO2 1 9-93 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CF3SO2 1 9-94 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CONHMe 1 9-95 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CONMe2 1 9-96 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CO2Me 1 9-97 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H C(O)SMe 1 9-98 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CSMe 1 9-99 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CON(Me)OMe 1 9-100 3,5-diCl CH3 Br H H H COCH3 1 9-101 3,5-diCl CH3 CF3 H H H COCH3 1 9-102 3,5-diCl CH3 CN H H H COCH3 1 9-103 3,5-diCl CH3 NH2 H H H COCH3 1 9-104 3,5-diCl CH3 NHCOCH3 H H H COCH3 1 9-105 3,5-diCl CH3 NHCOCF3 H H H COCH3 1 9-106 3,5-diCl CH3 NHCO2CH3 H H H COCH3 1 9-107 3,5-diCl CH3 NHCO2CH2CCl3 H H H COCH3 1 9-108 3,5-diCl CH3 NHSO2CH3 H H H COCH3 1 9-109 3,5-diCl CH3 NHSO2CF3 H H H COCH3 1 9-110 3,5-diCl CH3 C═NOCH3 H H H COCH3 1 9-111 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COCH3 2 9-112 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 H H H COCH3 1 9-113 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 H H H COC2H5 1 9-114 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 H H H COPr-cyclo 1 9-115 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 H H H COCH3 1 9-116 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 H H H COC2H5 1 9-117 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 H H H COPr-cyclo 1 9-118 3,4-diCl, 5-CF3 CF3 CF3 H H H COCH3 1

TABLE 10

(X)m R Y R2 R3 R4 R5 l m.p. ° C.) 10-1 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-2 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COCH3 1 10-3 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COC2H5 1 10-4 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CO(i-Pr) 1 10-5 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CO2-pyridyl 1 10-6 3,5-diCl CF3 F H H H COCH3 1 10-7 3,5-diCl CF3 I H H H COCH3 1 10-8 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 H H H COCH3 1 10-9 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 H H H COCH3 1 10-10 3,5-diCl CF3 MeS H H H COCH3 1 10-11 3,5-diCl CF3 MeSO H H H COCH3 1 10-12 3,5-diCl CF3 MeSO2 H H H COCH3 1 10-13 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S H H H COCH3 1 10-14 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S(O) H H H COCH3 1 10-15 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3S(O)2 H H Ii COCH3 1 10-16 3,5-diCl CF3 OCH3 H H H COCH3 1 10-17 3,5-diCl CF3 OCF3 H H H COCH3 1 10-18 3,5-diCl CF3 OH H H H COCH3 1 10-19 3,5-diCl CF3 SH H H H COCH3 1 10-20 3,5-diCl CF3 NH2 H H H COCH3 1 10-21 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCOCH3 H H H COCH3 1 10-22 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCO2CH3 H H H COCH3 1 10-23 3,5-diCl CF3 NHCO2CH2CCl3 H H H COCH3 1 10-24 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H Me CO2-pyridyl 1 10-25 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H Me COCH3 1 10-26 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H Et COCH3 1 10-27 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H vinyl COCH3 1 10-28 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H propargyl COCH3 1 10-29 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H CH2Ph COCH3 1 10-30 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H CN COCH3 1 10-31 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H CH2CF3 COCH3 1 10-32 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H cycloPr COCH3 1 10-33 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H COCH3 COCH3 1 10-34 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COC2H5 1 10-35 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COC2F5 1 10-36 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COPh 1 10-37 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H CO2-Pyridyl 1 10-38 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H CONMe2 1 10-39 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H CO2Me 1 10-40 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H H COSMe 1 10-41 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H Me COCH3 1 10-42 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl H H 2-pyridylCO COCH3 1 10-43 3,5-diBr CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-44 3-Cl CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-45 3-CF3 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-46 3,5-diCF3 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-47 3,4,5-triCl CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-48 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-49 3-NO2 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-50 3-CH3 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-51 3-CH3O CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-52 3-CN CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-53 3-CF3O CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-54 3-CH3S CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-55 3-CH3S(O) CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-56 3-CH3S(O)2 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-57 3-CF3S CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-58 3-CF3S(O) CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-58 3-CF3S(O)2 CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-60 3-OH CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-61 3-SH CF3 Cl H H H COCH3 1 10-62 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CN H H COCH3 1 10-63 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl Me H H COCH3 1 10-64 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl Me Me H COCH3 1 10-65 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl cyclo-Pr H H COCH3 1 10-66 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CF3 H H COCH3 1 10-67 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CO2Me H H COCH3 1 10-68 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CH═CH2 H H COCH3 1 10-69 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CH2CH2 H COCH3 1 10-70 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CCH H H COCH3 1 10-71 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COEt 1 10-72 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPr-n 1 10-73 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPr-iso 1 10-74 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COBu-tert 1 10-75 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COCF3 1 10-76 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh 1 10-77 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COpyridyl-2 1 10-78 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COpyridyl-3 1 10-79 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COpyridylCO-4 1 10-80 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—F-2 1 10-81 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—F-3 1 10-82 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—F-4 1 10-83 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—Cl-2 1 10-84 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—Cl-3 1 10-85 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—Cl-4 1 10-86 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—Br-2 1 10-87 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COPh—Me-2 1 10-88 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H Covinyl 1 10-89 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COproparpyl 1 10-90 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H MeSO2 1 10-91 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CF3SO2 1 10-92 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CONHMe 1 10-93 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CONMe2 1 10-94 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CO2Me 1 10-95 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H C(O)SMe 1 10-96 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CSMe 1 10-97 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H CON(Me)OMe 1 10-98 3,5-diCl CH3 Br H H H COCH3 1 10-99 3,5-diCl CH3 CF3 H H H COCH3 1 10-100 3,5-diCl CH3 CN H H H COCH3 1 10-101 3,5-diCl CH3 NH2 H H H COCH3 1 10-102 3,5-diCl CH3 NHCOCH3 H H H COCH3 1 10-103 3,5-diCl CH3 NHCOCF3 H H H COCH3 1 10-104 3,5-diCl CH3 NHCO2CH3 H H H COCH3 1 10-105 3,5-diCl CH3 NHCO2CH2CCl3 H H H COCH3 1 10-106 3,5-diCl CH3 NHSO2CH3 H H H COCH3 1 10-107 3,5-diCl CH3 NHSO2CF3 H H H COCH3 1 10-108 3,5-diCl CH3 C═NOCH3 H H H COCH3 1 10-109 3,5-diCl CF3 Br H H H COCH3 2 10-110 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 H H H COCH3 1 10-111 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 H H H COC2H5 1 10-112 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 H H H COPr-cyclo 1 10-113 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 H H H COCH3 1 10-114 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 H H H COC2H5 1 10-115 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 H H H COPr-cyclo 1 10-116 3,4,-diCl, 5-CF3 CF3 CF3 H H H COCH3 1

TABLE 11

(X)m R Y T⁴ m.p. ° C.) 11-1 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-2 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CO2H 11-3 3,5-diCl CF3 NH2 CO2Me 11-4 3,5-diCl CF3 F CO2Me 11-5 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CO2Me 11-6 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CO2Bu-t 11-7 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CO2H 11-8 3,5-diCl CF3 Br CO2Me 11-9 3,5-diCl CF3 I CO2Me 11-10 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 CO2Me 11-11 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CH3 11-12 3,5-diCl CF3 CN F 11-13 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 NO2 11-14 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 NH2 11-13 3,5-diCl CF3 Br NO2 11-16 3,5-diCl CF3 Br NH2 11-17 3-CF3 CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-18 3-CF3 CF3 NO2 CO2H 11-19 3,5-diCF3 CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-20 3,5-diCF3 CF3 NO2 CO2H 11-21 3,4-diCl CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-22 3,4-diCl CF3 NO2 CO2H 11-23 3-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-24 3-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2H 11-25 2,5-diBr CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-26 3,4,5-triCl CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-27 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-28 3-NO2 CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-29 3-CH3 CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-30 3-CH3O CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-31 3-CN CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-32 3-CF3O CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-33 3-CH3S CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-34 3-CH3S(O) CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-35 3-CH3S(O)2 CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-36 3-CF3S CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-37 3-CF3S(O) CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-38 3-CF3S(O)2 CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-39 3-OH CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-40 3-SH CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-41 3-NO2 CF3 NO2 CO2H 11-42 3,4,5-triCl CF3 NO2 CO2H 11-43 2-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-44 2-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2H 11-45 4-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-46 4-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2H 11-47 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 CO2Et 11-48 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 CO2H 11-49 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 NO2 CO2H 11-50 3,4,5-triCl CF3 NO2 CO2Me 11-51 3,5-diCl CF3 CN CO2H 11-52 3,5-diCl CF3 CN CO2Me 11-53 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 CO2Et 11-54 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 F 11-55 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 NO2 11-56 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 NH2 11-57 3,5-diCl CF3 F CO2Et 11-58 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 CO2Et 11-59 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 CO2H

TABLE 12

(X)m R Y T⁴ m.p. ° C.) 12-1 3,5-diCl CF3 H NO2 12-2 3,5-diCl CF3 H CN 12-3 3,5-diCl CF3 H NH2 12-4 3,5-diCl CF3 H CO2Me 12-5 3,5-diCl CF3 H CO2H 12-6 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-7 3,5-diCl CF3 NO2 CO2H 12-8 3,5-diCl CF3 NH2 CO2Me 12-9 3,5-diCl CF3 F CO2Me 12-10 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CO2Me 12-11 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CO2Bu-t 12-12 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CO2H 12-13 3,5-diCl CF3 Br CO2Me 12-14 3,5-diCl CF3 I CO2Me 12-15 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 CO2Me 12-16 3,5-diCl CF3 Cl CH3 12-17 3,5-diCl CF3 CN F 12-18 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 NO2 12-19 3,5-diCl CF3 CH3 NH2 12-20 3,5-diCl CF3 Br NO2 12-21 3,5-diCl CF3 Br NH2 12-22 3-CF3 CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-23 3-CF3 CF3 NO2 CO2H 12-24 3,5-diCF3 CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-25 3,5-diCF3 CF3 NO2 CO2H 12-26 3,4-diCl CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-27 3,4-diCl CF3 NO2 CO2H 12-28 3-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-29 3-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2H 12-30 3,5-diBr CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-31 3,4,5-triCl CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-32 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-33 3-NO2 CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-34 3-CH3 CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-35 3-CH3O CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-36 3-CN CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-37 3-CF3O CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-38 3-CH3S CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-39 3-CH3S(O) CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-40 3-CH3S(O)2 CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-41 3-CF3S CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-42 3-CF3S(O) CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-43 3-CF3S(O)2 CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-44 3-OH CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-45 3-SH CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-46 3-NO2 CF3 NO2 CO2H 12-47 3,4,5-triCl CF3 NO2 CO2H 12-48 2-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-49 2-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2H 12-50 4-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-51 4-Cl CF3 NO2 CO2H 12-52 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 CO2Et 12-53 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 CO2H 12-54 3,5-diMe-4-NO2 CF3 NO2 CO2H 12-55 3,4,5-triCl CF3 NO2 CO2Me 12-56 3,5-diCl CF3 CN CO2H 12-57 3,5-diCl CF3 CN CO2Me 12-58 3,5-diCF3 CF3 CF3 CO2Et 12-59 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 F 12-60 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 NO2 12-61 3,5-diCl CF3 CF3 NH2 12-62 3,5-diCl CF3 F CO2Et 12-63 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 CO2Et 12-64 3,4,5-triCl CF3 CF3 CO2H

TABLE 13 1H-NMR 1-2 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.50-2.60 (1H, m), 2.83-2.91 (1H, m), 3.49-3.65 (2H, m), 3.82 (1H, d), 4.12 (1H, d), 4.75 (2H, d), 6.61 (2H, d), 7.21 (1H, dd), 7.29 (2H, d), 7.33-7.40 (3H, m), 7.68 (1H, td), 1-3 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.51-2.56 (4H, m), 2.83-2.87 (1H, m), 3.50-3.56 (2H, m), 3.78 (1H, d), 4.00- 4.15 (3H, m), 6.03 (1H, br s), 6.38-6.41 (2H, m), 7.26-7.39 (4H, m). 1-4 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.49-2.55 (4H, m), 2.80-2.88 (1H, m), 3.50-3.56 (2H, m), 3.78 (1H, d), 4.08 (1H, d), 4.71 (2H, d), 6.39-6.41 (2H, m), 7.10-7.18 (2H, m), 7.32-7.43 (4H, m), 7.65-7.68 (1H, m), 1-6 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.50-2.63 (1H, m), 2.86-2.90 (1H, m), 3.53-3.58 (2H, m), 3.78-3.81 (1H, m), 4.10-4.14 (1H, m), 4.78 (2H, d), 6.23-6.28 (1H, m), 6.43-6.46 (1H, m), 7.17-7.40 (5H, m), 7.67- 1-7 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.55-2.57 (1H, m), 2.87-2.88 (1H, m), 3.51-3.61 (2H, m), 3.80 (1H, d), 4.08- 4.19 (3H, m), 6.53-6.56 (2H, m), 6.87-6.91 (1H, m), 7.26-7.27 (1H, m), 7.39-7.42 (1H, m), 7.85- 1-8 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.53-2.60 (1H, m), 2.86-2.90 (1H, m), 3.53-3.56 (2H, m), 3.79 (1H, d), 4.09 (1H, d), 4.80 (2H, d), 6.52-6.56 (2H, m), 7.20-7.27 (2H, m), 7.38-7.39 (2H, m), 7.70-7.73 (2H, m), 1-9 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.56-2.58 (1H, m), 2.85-2.93 (1H, m), 3.51-3.58 (2H, m), 3.76 (1H, d), 4.10- 4.14 (3H, m), 6.56-6.61 (2H, m), 6.75-6.76 (1H, m), 7.26-7.29 (1H, m), 7.40-7.40 (1H, m), 7.69  1-10 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.53-2.60 (1H, m), 2.85-2.90 (1H, m), 3.46-3.59 (2H, m), 3.78 (1H, d), 4.08 (1H, d), 4.77 (2H, d) 6.55-6.56 (1H, m), 6.75-6.78 (1H, m), 7.18-7.44 (5H, m), 7.65-7.70 (2H, m),  1-11 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 0.62-0.65 (2H, m), 0.83-0.89 (2H, m), 2.54-2.61 (1H, m), 2.86-2.90 (2H, m), 3.47-3.57 (2H, m), 3.76 (1H, d), 4.06 (1H, d), 6.34 (1H, br s), 6.52-6.55 (1H, m), 6.71 (1H, d),  1-12 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2:55-2.60 (1H, m), 2.74 (2H, t, J = 6.3 Hz), 2.86-2.90 (1H, m), 3.50-3.57 (2H, m), 3.67-3.79 (3H, m), 4.08 (1H, d), 8.53-6.56 (1H, m), 6.74-6.81 (2H, m), 7.27-7.27 (1H, m),  1-15 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.56-2.66 (1H, m), 2.90-2.98 (1H, m), 3.52-3.68 (2H, m), 3.83 (1H, d), 4.04- 4.16 (3H, m), 6.09 (1H, t), 6.75 (1H, dd), 7.10 (1H, d), 7.28 (2H, d), 7.40-7.43 (2H, m).  1-16 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.54-2.65 (1H, m), 2.89-2.97 (1H, m), 3.51-3.67 (2H, m), 3.83 (1H, d), 4.13 (1H, d), 4.74 (2H, d), 6.75 (1H, dd), 7.08 (1H, d), 7.15-7.23 (2H, m), 7.28 (2H, br s), 7.37 (1H, d),  1-17 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.57-2.67 (1H, m), 2.88-2.98 (1H, m), 3.49-3.67 (2H, m), 3.87 (1H, d), 4.15 (1H, d), 4.75 (2H, d), 6.74 (1H, dd), 7.08 (1H, d), 7.14 (1H, t), 7.21 (1H, dd), 7.26-7.38 (5H, m),  1-18 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.58-2.68 (1H, m), 2.91-3.00 (1H, m), 3.50-3.68 (2H, m), 3.87 (1H, d), 4.04- 4.17 (3H, m), 6.06 (1H, t), 6.75 (1H, d), 7.10 (1H, s), 7.26-7.42 (5H, m).  1-21 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.61-2.72 (1H, m). 2.98-3.06 (1H, m), 3.53-3.70 (2H, m), 3.90 (1H, d), 4.09 (2H, dt), 4.22 (1H, d), 6.08 (1H, t), 6.76 (1H, dd), 7.11 (1H, d), 7.42 (1H, d), 7.57-7.69 (4H, m).  1-22 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.62-2.73 (1H, m), 3.03-3.11 (1H, m), 3.57-3.73 (2H, m), 3.89 (1H, d), 4.27 (1H, d), 4.75 (2H, d), 6.79 (1H, dd), 7.12 (1H, d), 7.16-7.24 (2H, m), 7.37 (1H, d), 7.51 (1H, d), 7.70 (1H, td), 7.84 (2H, br s), 7.95 (1H, br s), 8.52 (1H, d).  1-23 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.63-2.73 (1H, m), 3.04-3.13 (1H, m), 3.58-3.74 (2H, m), 3.89 (1H, d), 4.10 (2H, td), 4.28 (1H, d), 6.07 (1H, t), 6.80 (1H, dd), 7.15 (1H, d), 7.43 (1H, d),7.83 (2H, br s), 7.95  1-25 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.54-2.61 (1H, m), 2.86-2.94 (1H, m), 3.52-3.64 (2H, m), 3.81 (1H, d), 4.11 (1H, d), 4.72 (2H, d), 6.69-6.72 (1H, m), 6.82-6.83 (1H, m), 7.15-7.40 (5H, m), 7.50-7.53 (1H, m),  1-27 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.55-2.63 (1H, m), 2.90-2.94 (1H, m), 3.55-3.62 (2H, m), 3.81-3.87 (1H, m), 4.11-4.14 (1H, m), 4.78 (2H, d), 6.76-6.79 (1H, m), 6.87-6.88 (1H, m), 7.26-7.35 (5H, m), 7.57- 7.60 (1H, m), 7.68-7.70 (1H, m), 7.79-7.82 (1H, m) 8.55-8-57 (1H,  1-31 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.53-2.63 (1H, m), 2.88-2.96 (1H, m), 3.45 (3H, s), 3.56-3.68 (2H, m), 3.82- 3.86 (1H, m), 4.14-4.17 (1H, m), 4.74 (2H, d, J = 5.1 Hz), 6.72-6.75 (1H, m), 7.18-7.21 (1H, m), 7.28-7.29 (4H, m), 7.38-7.41 (2H, m), 7.53-7.55 (1H, m), 7.67-7.  1-38 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.46-2.56 (1H, m), 2.78-2.87 (1H, m), 3.49-3.57 (2H, m), 3.77 (1H, d), 4.06 (1H, d), 4.70 (2H, d), 5.79 (2H, d), 5.97-6.00 (1H, m), 7.18-7.41 (7H, m), 7.65-7.68 (1H, m), 8.56  1-39 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.53-2.61 (1H, m), 2.84-2.92 (1H, m), 3.55-3.67 (2H, m), 3.83 (1H, d), 4.15 (1H, d), 4.72 (2H, d), 6.36-6.39 (1H, m), 7.25-7.36 (4H, m), 7.64-7.70 (2H, m), 7.92-7.95 (2H, m),  1-54 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.55-2.64 (1H, m), 2.89-2.94 (1H, m), 3.49-3.66 (2H, m), 3.84 (1H, d), 4.13 (1H, d), 4.74 (2H, d), 6.74 (1H, dd), 7.07 (1H, d), 7.16-7.27 (3H, m), 7.38 (1H, d), 7.47-7.52 (3H,  1-56 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.55-2.62 (1H, m), 2.88-2.96 (1H, m), 3.52-3.67 (2H, m), 3.82 (1H, d), 4.12 (1H, d), 4.74 (2H, d), 6.75(1H, dd), 7.08 (1H, d), 7.21 (2H, t), 7.36 (1H, d), 7.42 (2H, s), 7.49 (1H,  1-57 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.54-2.66 (1H, m), 2.89-2.97 (1H, m), 3.53-3.69 (2H, m), 3.82 (1H, d), 4.03- 4.15 (3H, m), 6.08 (1H, br s), 6.75 (1H, dd), 7.10 (1H, s), 7.40-7.42 (3H, m).  1-60 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.36 (6H, s), 2.56-2.66 (1H, m), 2.91-2.99 (1H, m), 3.51-3.67 (2H, m), 3.85 (1H, d), 4.15 (1H, d), 4.74 (2H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 6.75 (1H, dd), 7.09 (1H, d), 7.15-7.23 (4H, m), 7.37  1-61 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.37 (6H, s), 2.57-2.68 (1H, m), 2.92-3.00 (1H, m), 3.52-3.68 (2H, m), 3.86 (1H, d), 4.03-4.18 (3H, m), 6.09 (1H, t,), 6.75 (1H, dd), 7.11 (1H, d), 7.15 (2H, s), 7.41 (1H, d).  1-63 1H-NMR (acetone-d6) δ: 2.72-2.85 (1H, m), 3.03-3.07 (1H, m), 3.63-3.71 (2H, m), 4.04 (1H), 4.38 (1H, d), 6.58 (1H, br s), 6.85-6.88 (1H, m), 7.02 (1H, d), 7.23 (1H, br s), 7.53-7.59 (4H, m).  1-73 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.09 (1H, s), 2.58-2.62 (1H, m), 2.90-2.94 (1H, m), 3.57-3.61 (2H, m), 3.83 (1H, d), 4.13 (1H), 4.22 (2H, q), 6.04 (1H, br s), 6.73-6.75 (1H, m), 7.07 (1H, d), 7.27-7.28 (2H,  1-74 1H-NMR (acetone-d6) δ: 2.77-2.85 (1H, m), 3.08-3.10 (1H, m), 3.66-3.68 (2H, m), 4.09 (1H, d), 4.33-4.46 (3H, m), 6.94-6.97 (1H, m), 7.14 (1H, d), 7.55-7.63 (3H, m), 8.20-8.23 (1H, m).  1-75 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.50 (6H, s), 2.17 (3H, s), 2.57-2.62 (1H, m), 2.90-2.94 (1H, m), 3.02 (2H, s), 3.56-3.59 (2H, m), 3.82 (1H, d), 4.11 (1H, d), 5.82 (1H, br s), 6.71-6.73 (1H, m), 7.05 (1H, d),  1-78 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.54-2.64 (1H, m), 2.87-2.95 (1H, m), 3.53-3.69 (2H, m), 3.85 (1H, d), 4.15 (1H, d), 4.79 (2H, d), 6.95 (1H, dd), 7.17-7.21 (1H, m), 7.28 (2H, s), 7.35 (1H, d), 7.41 (1H, t), 7.65 (1H, td), 7.96 (1H, d), 8.10 (1H, d), 8.66-8.58 (2H, m).  1-80 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.64-2.75 (1H, m), 3.02-3.10 (1H, m), 3.54-3.73 (2H, m), 3.93 (1H, d), 4.04- 4.15 (2H, m), 4.25 (1H, d), 6.04 (1H, t), 6.78 (1H, dd), 7.13 (1H, d), 7.43 (1H, d), 7.65 (1H, t), 7.76  1-81 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.51-2.61 (1H, m), 2.84-2.92 (1H, m), 3.45-3.61 (2H, m), 3.79 (1H, d), 4.08 (1H, d), 5.08 (2H, d), 6.49-6.54 (2H, m), 7.22-7.28 (3H, m), 7.36 (1H, d), 7.40 (1H, t), 7.72 (1H  1-82 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.65-2.77 (1H, m), 3.18-3.26 (1H, m), 3.59 (2H, d), 3.99 (1H, d), 4.48 (1H, d), 4.75 (2H, d), 6.76 (1H, dd), 7.08-7.51 (9H, m), 7.70 (1H, td), 8.53 (1H, d).  1-83 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.65-2.76 (1H, m), 3.18-3.25 (1H, m), 3.59 (2H, d), 3.99 (1H, d), 4.49 (1H, d), 4.74 (2H, d), 6.76 (1H, dd), 7.07-7.38 (6H, m), 7.53 (2H, dt), 7.70 (1H, td), 8.52 (1H, d).  1-84 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.61-2.64 (1H, m), 2.89-2.93 (1H, m), 3.57-3.60 (2H, m), 3.82 (1H, d), 4.12 (1H, d), 4.62 (2H, d), 6.42 (1H, br s), 6.71-6.74 (1H, m), 7.06 (1H, d), 7.27-7.42 (5H, m), 7.79 (1H,  1-85 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.57-2.63 (1H, m), 2.88-2.94 (1H, m), 3.54-3.63 (2H, m), 3.82 (1H, d), 4.13 (1H, d), 4.59 (2H, d), 6.64-6.74 (2H, m), 7.05 (1H, d), 7.28 (4H, d), 7.41-7.43 (2H, m), 8.51-8.53  1-86 1H-NMR (CDCL3) δ: 2.55-2.65 (1H, m), 2.89-2.97 (1H, m), 3.56-3.68 (2H, m), 3.83 (1H, d), 4.14 (1H, d), 4.72 (2H, d), 6.74-6.79 (2H, m), 7.09-7.10 (1H, m), 7.25-7.50 (5H, m) 7.68 (1H, t).  1-87 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.57-2.65 (1H, m), 2.90-2.95 (1H, m), 3.50-3.62 (2H, m), 3.82 (1H, d), 4.12 (1H, d), 4.53 (2H, d), 6.66-6.70 (2H, m), 7.02 (1H, d), 7.25-7.41 (5H, m), 7.72-7.74 (1H, m), 8.26  1-88 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.58-2.63 (1H, m), 2.91-2.95 (1H, m), 3.53-3.68 (2H, m), 3.84 (1H, d), 4.14 (1H, d), 4.88 (2H, d), 6.75-6.78 (1H, m), 7.08 (1H, d), 7.20-7.29 (4H, m), 7.41-7.41 (1H, m), 7.55  1-90 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.56-2.61 (1H, m), 2.87-2.95 (1H, m), 3.53-3.65 (2H, m), 3.81 (1H, d), 3.99- 4.13 (3H, m), 6.20-6.22 (1H, m), 6.68-6.71 (1H, m), 6.81 (1H, d), 7.27-7.28 (2H, m), 7.40-7.41  1-91 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.55-2.60 (1H, m), 2.88-2.92 (1H, m), 3.52-3.65 (2H, m), 3.81 (1H, d), 4.11 (1H, d) 4.67 (2H, d) 6.74-6.82 (3H, m), 7.23-7.28 (4H, m) 7.38-7.39 (1H, m), 7.50 (1H, d), 7.64  1-92 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.55-2.62 (1H, m), 2.86-2.94 (1H, m), 3.12 (6H, d), 3.53-3.63 (2H, m), 3.82 (1H, d), 4.13 (1H, d), 6.62-6.67 (2H, m), 7.25-7.28 (1H, m), 7.40 (1H, d), 8.04 (1H, d), 8.54 (1H,  1-93 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.28 (3H, t), 2.59-2.64 (1H, m), 2.93-2.97 (1H, m), 3.58-3.67 (2H, m), 3.85 (1H, d), 4.10-4.18 (3H, m), 6.75-6.78 (1H, m), 7.09-7.50 (4H, m), 7.70-7.72 (1H, m), 8.47-8.50  1-95 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.55-2.65 (1H, m), 2.88-2.97 (1H, m), 3.47-3.65 (2H, m), 3.86 (1H, d), 4.14 (1H, d), 4.73 (2H, d), 6.73 (1H, dd), 7.06 (1H, d), 7.23-7.15 (2H, m), 7.31-7.41 (5H, m), 7.48 (1H,  1-96 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.56-2.67 (1H, m), 2.90-2.99 (1H, m), 3.48-3.67 (2H, m), 3.86 (1H, d), 4.03- 4.16 (3H, m), 6.06 (1H, br s), 6.73 (1H, dd), 7.09 (1H, d), 7.33 (2H, d), 7.38-7.42 (3H, m).  1-97 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.58-2.63 (1H, m), 2.91-2.96 (1H, m), 3.55-3.67 (2H, m), 3.81-3.84 (1H, m), 4.07-4.18 (3H, m) 6.70-6.80 (3H, m), 7.27-7.42 (3H, m), 7.75-7.78 (1H, m)  1-98 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.53-2.63 (1H, m), 2.89-2.92 (1H, m), 3.21-3.35 (1H, m), 3.59-3.78 (3H, m), 4.10-4.13 (1H, m), 5.94-5.97 (2H, m), 6.73-6.85 (2H, m), 7.23-7.56 (4H, m)  1-99 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.63-2.68 (1H, m), 3.02-3.07 (1H, m), 3.55-3.71 (2H, m), 3.86-3.90 (1H, m), 4.23-4.26 (1H, m), 4.74 (2H, d), 6.74-6.77 (1H, m), 6.86-6.86 (1H, m), 7.07-7.10 (1H, m), 7.20- 7.22 (1H, m), 7.31-7.34 (1H, m), 7.53-7.56 (1H, m), 7.68-7.70 (1H,  1-100 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.65-2.67 (1H, m), 3.02-3.10 (1H, m), 3.59-3.66 (2H, m), 3.86-3.90 (1H, m), 4.11-4.20 (3H, m), 5.99-6.02 (1H, m), 6.78-6.85 (2H, m), 7.50-7.53 (1H, m), 7.84-7.95 (3H, m).  1-101 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.54-2.64 (1H, m), 2.89-2.97 (1H, m), 3.54-3.70 (2H, m), 3.85 (1H, d), 4.04- 4.18 (3H, m), 6.94 (1H, dd), 7.29 (2H, s), 7.41 (H, t), 7.92 (1H, d), 8.14-8.06 (2H, m).  1-102 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.46-2.61 (1H, m), 2.83-2.91 (1H, m), 3.50-3.60 (2H, m), 3.77-3.81 (1H, m), 4.07-4.10 (1H, m), 4.70 (2H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 6.67-6.70 (1H, m), 6.80-6.81 (1H, m), 7.15-7.17 (2H, m), 7.30-7.32 (1H, m), 7.40-7.43 (2H, m), 7.48-7.51 (1H, m), 7. 2-8 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.54-2.65 (1H, m). 2.88-2.96 (1H, m), 3.50-3.68 (2H, m), 3.84 (1H, d), 4.13 (1H, d), 6.71 (2H, d) 7.30 (2H, d) 7.41 (1H, t), 7.54 (2H, d), 8.85 (1H, s).  2-29 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.14 (3H, s), 2.54-2.64 (1H, m), 2.87-2.95 (1H, m), 3.49-3.65 (2H, m), 3.83 (1H, d), 4.12(1H, d), 6.51-6.54 (2H, m), 7.17 (1H, d), 7.30 (2H, d), 7.41 (1H, t), 8.68 (1H, s).  2-31 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.59-2.69 (1H, m), 2.92-3.01 (1H, m), 3.57-3.73 (2H, m), 3.88 (1H, d). 4.18 (1H, d), 6.83 (1H, dd), 6.94 (1H, d), 7.44-7.30 (4H, m), 8.73 (1H, s).  2-40 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.62-2.73 (1H, m), 2.95-3.03 (1H, m), 3.49-3.55 (2H, m), 3.90 (1H, d), 4.31 (1H, d), 7.09 (1H, d), 7.29 (1H, d), 7.61 (1H, d), 7.68 (2H, d), 7.71 (1H, t), 8.26 (1H, s), 8.98 3-3 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.99 (3H, s), 2.50-2.58 (1H, m), 2.82-2.87 (1H, m), 3.45-3.51 (2H, m), 3.74 (1H, d), 4.02 (1H, d), 4.41(2H, d), 6.43-6.46 (1H, m), 6.58 (1H, d) 7.26-7.38 (4H, m). 3-4 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.98-2.02 (3H, m), 2.53-2.61 (1H, m), 2.81-2.89 (1H, m), 3.46-3.52 (2H, m), 3.74 (1H, d), 4.02 (1H), 4.42-4.44 (2H, m), 5.78-5.81 (1H, m), 6.49-6.51 (1H, m), 6.77 (1H, d),  3-11 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.13-2.18 (3H, m), 2.51-2.53 (1H, m), 2.81-2.83 (1H, m) 3.45-3.56 (2H, m), 3.75-3.78 (1H, m), 4.01-4.04 (1H, m), 4.25 (1H, s), 4.57 (1H, s), 6.40-6.44 (2H, m), 6.93-6.96 (1H,  3-102 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.03 (3H, s), 2.53-2.60 (1H, m), 2.83-2.91 (1H, m), 3.51-3.59 (2H, m), 3.78- 3.82 (1H, m), 4.07-4.13 (1H, m), 4.50-4.55 (2H, m), 5.72-5.76 (1H, m), 6.70-6.78 (2H, m), 7.27-  3-113 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.99 (3H, s), 2.58-2.68 (1H, m), 2.99-3.03 (1H, m), 3.51-3.67 (2H, m), 3.83- 3.86 (1H, m), 4.18-4.21 (1H, m), 4.50 (2H, d), 5.73-5.76 (1H, m), 6.74-6.81 (2H, m), 7.47-7.50 4-1 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.56-2.64 (1H, m), 2.89-2.98 (1H, m), 3.63-3.67 (2H, m), 3.87 (1H, d), 4.19 (1H, d), 6.57 (2H, d), 7.27 (2H, br s), 7.42 (1H, t), 8.18 (2H, d). 4-2 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.51-2.62 (1H, m), 2.86-2.94 (1H, m), 3.56-3.61 (2H, m), 3.80 (1H, d), 4.12 (1H, d), 6.59 (2H, d), 7.26 (2H, br s), 7.41(1H, t), 7.52 (2H, d). 4-3 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.45-2.54 (1H, m), 2.74-2.82 (1H, m). 3.34-3.47 (4H, m), 3.73 (1H, d), 3.93 (1H, d), 6.49-6.51 (2H, m), 6.67-6.71 (2H, m), 7.30 (2H, br s), 7.36 (1H, t). 4-5 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.58-2.72 (1H, m), 2.88-3.01 (1H, m), 3.41-3.53 (2H, m), 3.85 (1H, d), 4.26 (1H, d), 6.71 (2H, d), 7.65-7.72 (3H, m), 7.78-(2H, d), 12.25 (1H, br s). 4-6 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.53-2.67 (1H, m), 2.89-2.97 (1H, m), 3.50-3.71 (2H, m), 3.83 (1H, d), 3.85 (3H, s), 4.15 (1H, d), 6.69 (1H, dd), 6.75 (1H, d), 7.26 (3H, s) 7.42 (1H, t), 7.61 (1H, d). 4-7 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.58-2.72 (1H, m), 2.91-3.04 (1H, m), 3.47-3.57 (2H, m), 3.87 (1H, d), 4.32 (1H, d), 6.86 (1H, dd), 7.04 (1H, d), 7.65 (2H, d), 7.71 (1H, t), 7.78 (1H, d). 4-8 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.46-2.56 (1H, m), 2.79-2.85 (1H, m), 3.52-3.57 (2H, m), 3.76-3.86 (4H, m), 4.01-4.12 (1H, m), 5.68-5.76 (2H, m), 5.87-5.99 (1H, m), 6.26-6.32 (2H, m), 7.38-7.41 (1H, m),  4-10 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.53-2.58 (1H, m), 2.86-2.92 (1H, m), 3.52-3.62 (2H, m), 3.80 (1H, d), 3.87 (3H, s), 4.11 (1H, d), 6.45-6.48 (1H, m), 6.61 (1H, d), 7.26-7.27 (2H, m), 7.40-7.41 (1H, m), 7.88  4-11 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.59 (9H, s), 2.54-2.56 (1H, m), 2.84-2.92 (1H, m), 3.53-3.56 (2H, m), 3.79 (1H, d), 4.09 (1H, d), 6.43-6.46 (1H, m), 6.58 (1H, d), 7.24-7.26 (2H, m), 7.40-7.40 (1H, m), 7.80  4-12 1H-NMR (acetone-d6) δ: 2.74-2.84 (1H, m), 3.05-3.10 (1H, m), 3.64-3.69 (2H, m), 4.04 (1H, d), 4.40 (1H, d). 6.70-6.77 (2H, m), 7.55-7.65 (3H, m ), 7.91 (1H, d).  4-13 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.53-2.60 (1H, m), 2.84-2.93 (1H, m), 3.52-3.62 (2H, m), 3.80-3.87 (4H, m), 4.11 (1H, d), 6.49-6.52 (1H, m), 6.84 (1H, d), 7.26-7.27 (2H, m), 7.40-7.41 (1H, m), 7.87 (1H, d).  4-14 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.51-2.56 (1H, m), 2.85-2.86 (1H, m), 3.51-3.57 (2H, m), 3.74-3.87 (4H, m), 4.09 (1H, d), 6.54-6.56 (1H, m), 7.17-7.18 (1H, m), 7.27-7.31 (2H, m), 7.38-7.39 (1H, m), 7.85  4-15 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.53-2.60 (4H, m), 2.84-2.85 (1H, m), 3.52-3.62 (2H, m), 3.79-3.84 (4H, m), 4.11 (1H, d), 6.39-6.44 (2H, m), 7.26-7.29 (2H, m), 7.39-7.39 (1H, m), 7.91-7.94 (1H, m).  4-16 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.27 (3H, s), 2.49-2.54 (1H, m), 2.78-2.87 (1H, m), 3.38-3.54 (2H, m), 3.74 (1H, d, J = 10.4 Hz), 3.99 (1H, d, J = 10.4 Hz), 6.40-6.43 (1H, m), 6.60-6.62 (1H, m), 7.05-7.08  4-18 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.51-2.64 (1H, m), 2.67 (3H, s), 2.87-2.95 (1H, m), 3.51-3.71 (2H, m), 3.84 (1H, d), 4.17 (1H, d), 6.37 (1H, d), 6.45 (1H, dd), 7.28 (2H, br s), 7.41 (1H, t), 8.14 (1H, d).  4-19 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.19 (3H, s), 2.41-2.58 (1H, m), 2.73-2.81 (1H, m), 3.15-3.51 (4H, m), 3.73 (1H, d), 3.92 (1H, d), 6.34-6.44 (2H, m), 6.66 (1H, d), 7.31-7.41 (3H, m).  4-20 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.53-2.66 (1H, m), 2.89-2.97 (1H, m), 3.51-3.71 (2H, m), 3.83 (1H, d), 4.16 (1H, d), 6.53 (1H, dd), 6.84 (1H, d), 7.27 (2H, br s), 7.42 (1H, t), 8.07 (1H, d).  4-21 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.44-2.54 (1H, m), 2.75-2.83 (1H, m), 3.32-3.50 (2H, m), 3.56-3.76 (3H, m), 3.92 (1H, d), 6.46 (1H, dd), 6.70-6.78 (2H, m), 7.29 (2H, br s), 7.37 (1H, t).  4-23 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.63-2.75 (1H, m), 2.96-3.12 (1H, m), 3.49-3.59 (2H, m), 3.91 (1H, d), 4.41 (1H, d), 6.88 (1H, dd), 7.06 (1H, d), 7.67-7.90 (5H, m), 13.00 (1H, br s).  4-24 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.61-2.73 (1H, m), 3.03-3.13 (1H, m), 3.58-3.75 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.89 (1H, d), 4.29 (1H, d), 6.73 (1H, dd), 6.79 (1H, d), 7.80-7.85 (3H, m), 7.95 (1H, br s).  4-25 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.66-2.80 (1H, m), 3.11-3.22 (1H, m), 3.51-3.61 (2H, m), 3.93 (1H, d), 4.51 (1H, d), 6.90 (1H, d), 7.06 (1H, br s), 7.81 (1H, t), 8.22 (3H, br s), 13.03 (1H, br s).  4-26 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.54-2.64 (1H, m), 2.89-2.97 (1H, m), 3.50-3.69 (2H, m), 3.84(1H, d), 3.85(3H, s), 4.15 (1H, d), 6.68 (1H, dd), 6.74 (1H, d), 7.22 (1H, dd), 7.47-7.52 (2H, m), 7.81 (1H,  4-47 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.59-2.74 (1H, m), 2.90-3.00 (1H, m), 3.49-3.57 (2H, m), 3.90 (1H, d), 4.30 (1H, d), 6.86 (1H, dd), 7.03 (1H, d), 7.55 (1H, d), 7.73-7.86 (3H, m), 12.98 (1H, br s).  4-29 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.59-2.71 (1H, m), 2.90-3.01 (1H, m), 3.49-3.57 (2H, m), 3.89 (1H, d), 4.31 (1H, d), 6.87 (1H, dd), 7.05 (1H, d), 7.50 (3H, br s), 7.64 (1H, br s), 7.78 (1H, d), 13.00 (1H,  4-32 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.36 (6H, s), 2.56-2.66 (1H, m), 2.92-3.00 (1H, m), 3.52-3.69 (2H, m), 3.93- 3.84 (4H, m), 4.17 (1H, d), 6.69 (1H, dd), 6.75(1H, d), 7.14 (2H, s), 7.81 (1H, d).  4 -33 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.63-2.73 (1H, m), 3.01-3.09 (1H, m), 3.55-3.73 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.92 (1H, d), 4.26 (1H, d), 6.71(1H, dd), 6.77 (1H, d), 7.62-7.83 (3H, m), 8.27-8.31 (2H, m).  4-47 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.66-2.77 (1H, m), 3.01-3.10 (1H, m), 3.50-3.62 (2H, m), 3.95 (1H, d), 4.43(1H, d), 6.89 (1H, d), 7.08 (1H, s), 7.75-7.81 (2H, m), 8.03 (1H, d), 8.28-8.35 (2H, m), 13.02  4-48 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.60-2.72 (1H, m), 2.94-3.05 (1H, m), 3.50-3.57 (2H, m), 3.90 (1H, d), 4.32 (1H, d), 6.87 (1H, d) 7.03 (1H, s) 7.79 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz), 7.88 (2H, s), 13.03 (1H, s), 3.98  4-49 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.64-2.75 (1H, m), 3.18-3.25 (1H, m), 3.55-3.63 (2H, m), 3.84 (3H, s), 3.98 (1H, d), 4.50 (1H, d), 6.67-6.74 (2H, m), 7.32-7.48 (4H, m), 7.82 (1H, d).  4-50 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.67-2.78 (1H, m), 3.23-3.37 (1H, m), 3.46-3.64 (2H, m), 3.91 (1H, d), 4.57 (1H, d), 6.86 (1H, dd), 7.04 (1H, d), 7.43-7.56 (3H, m), 7.64-7.68 (1H, m), 7.80 (1H, d) 13.01  4-51 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.55-2.65 (1H, m), 2.89-2.98 (1H, m), 3.49-3.67 (2H, m), 3.84 (3H, s), 3.86 (1H, d), 4.14 (1H, t), 6.66 (1H, dd), 6.73 (1H, d), 7.32 (2H, d), 7.40 (2H, d), 7.80 (1H, d).  4-52 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.58-2.68 (1H, m), 2.88-2.96 (1H, m), 3.45-3.60 (2H, m), 3.90 (1H, d), 4.28 (1H, d), 6.85 (1H, dd), 7.03 (1H, d), 7.52 (2H, d), 7.57 (2H, d), 7.78 (1H, d), 13.02 (1H, br s).  4-53 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.37 (3H, t), 2.56-2.61 (1H, m), 2.89-2.94 (1H, m), 3.58-3.66 (2H, m), 3.82- 3.85 (1H, m), 4.12-4.16 (1H, m), 4.35(2H, q), 6.67-6.70 (1H, m), 6.88-6.89 (1H, m), 7.25-7.28  4-56 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.53-2.63 (1H, m), 2.88-2.97 (1H, m), 3.53-3.69 (2H, m), 3.82 (2H, d), 3.85 (3H, s), 4.14 (1H, d), 6.69 (1H, dd), 6.75 (1H, d), 7.41 (2H, s), 7.81 (1H, d).  4-57 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.64-2.67 (1H, m), 2.93-3.00 (1H, m), 3.49-3.52 (2H, m), 3.88-3.90 (1H, m), 4.31-4.35 (1H, m), 6.92-6.95 (1H, m), 7.18-7.21 (1H, m), 7.67-7.69 (3H, m), 7.89-7.92 (1H, m)  4-58 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.57-2.63 (1H, m), 2.91-2.96 (1H, m), 3.52-3.69 (2H, m), 3.82-3.86 (1H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 4.11-4.18 (1H, m), 6.73-6.76 (1H, m), 6.89-6.90 (1H, m), 7.27-7.42 (3H, m), 8.01-  4-59 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.63 (9H, s), 2.53-2.63 (1H, m), 2.87-2.95 (1H, m), 3.53-3.69 (2H, m), 3.84 (1H, d), 4.13 (1H, d), 6.86(1H, dd), 7.28 (2H, d), 7.41 (1H, t), 7.95 (1H, d), 8.10 (1H, d).  4-60 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.58-2.69 (1H, m), 2.93-3.02 (1H, m), 3.63-3.73 (2H, m), 3.93 (1H, d), 4.27 (1H, d), 7.18 (1H, d), 7.26 (1H, s), 7.30 (2H, s). 7.41 (1H, s), 8.13 (1H, d), 8.20 (1H, s), 9.92 (1H,  4-61 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.37 (3H, t), 2.60-2.71 (1H, m), 3.01-3.09 (1H, m), 3.60-3.71 (2H, m), 3.88- 3.90 (1H, m), 4.28-4.36 (3H, m), 6.71-6.74 (1H, m), 6.91-6.91 (1H, m), 7.84-7.97 (4H, m)  4-62 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.51-2.61 (1H, m), 2.83-2.91 (1H, m), 3.43-3.58 (2H, m), 3.77 (1H, d), 4.03 (1H, d), 6.71-6.66 (2H, m), 7.10 (1H, t), 7.29 (2H, s), 7.39(1H, s).  4-63 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.57-2.68 (1H, m), 2.93-3.01 (1H, m), 3.75-3.59 (2H, m), 3.87 (1H, d), 4.20 (1H, d), 6.70 (1H, dd), 6.88 (1H, d), 7.28 (2H, d), 7.43 (1H, t), 8.08 (1H, d).  4-65 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.37 (3H, t), 2.53-2.58 (1H, m), 2.85-2.93 (1H, m), 3.53-3.62 (2H, m), 3.78- 3.81 (1H, m), 4.08-4.16 (1H, m), 4.34 (2H, q), 6.25-6.36 (2H, m), 7.28-7.33 (3H, m), 7.84-7.87  4-66 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.36 (3H, t), 2.55-2.62 (1H, m), 2.88-2.94 (1H, m), 3.57-3.63 (2H, m), 3.80- 3.84 (1H, m), 4.12-4.15 (1H, m), 4.33 (2H, q), 6.67-6.70 (1H, m), 6.87-6.88 (1H, m), 7.41-7.45 5-1 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.50-2.68 (2H, m), 2.74-2.82 (1H, m), 2.90-2.98 (1H, m), 3.16-3.20 (1H, m), 3.61-3.75 (3H, m), 7.20-7.41 (9H, m). 5-2 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.45-2.55 (1H, m), 2.76-2.85 (1H, m), 3.00-3.09 (1H, m), 3.22-3.35 (2H, m), 4.10 (1H, d), 7.23-7.44 (4H, m). 5-3 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.33-2.42 (1H, m), 2.55-2.63 (1H, m), 2.74-2.78 (2H, m), 3.09 (1H, d), 3.18 (1H, d), 3.67 (2H, s), 7.26-7.38 (9H, m). 5-4 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.28-2.38 (1H, m), 2.49-2.59 (1H, m), 2.97-3.06 (1H, m), 3.19-3.30 (2H, m), 3.75 (1H, d), 7.28-7.33 (4H, m). 5-5 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.31-2.41 (1H, m), 2.55-2.63 (1H, m), 2.70-2.61 (2H, m), 3.08 (1H, d), 3.18 (1H, d), 3.66 (2H, s), 7.24-7.33 (9H, m). 5-6 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.27-2.36 (1H, m), 2.49-2.59 (1H, m), 2.96-3.05 (1H, m), 3.20-3.29 (2H, m), 3.76 (1H, d), 7.28-7.36 (4H, m). 5-7 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.50-2.66 (2H, m), 2.76-2.84 (1H, m), 2.91-2.99 (1H, m), 3.16 (1H, dd), 3.61- 3.75 (3H, m), 7.17 (1H, t), 7.25-7.35 (6H, m), 7.46 (1H, dd). 5-8 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.41-2.53 (1H, m), 2.78-2.87 (1H, m), 3.00-3.09 (1H, m), 3.23-3.32 (2H, m), 4.11 (1H, d), 7.18-7.30 (2H, m), 7.48 (1H, dd). 5-9 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.28-2.37 (1H, m), 2.54-2.62 (1H, m), 2.70-2.82 (2H, m), 3.06 (1H, d), 3.13 (1H, d), 3.66 (2H, s), 7.21-7.33 (6H, m), 7.41 (1H, d), 7.49 (1H, d).  5-10 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.25-2.34 (1H, m), 2.50-2.59 (1H, m), 2.97-3.06 (1H, m), 3.20-3.28 (2H, m), 3.75 (1H, d), 7.20 (1H, d), 7.44 (2H, d).  5-11 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.27-2.36 (1H, m), 2.53-2.62 (1H, m), 2.69-2.83 (2H, m), 3.08 (2H, dd) 3.67  5-12 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.24-2.33 (1H, m), 2.51-2.56 (1H, m), 2.97-3.07 (1H, m), 3.19-3.26 (2H, m), 3.74 (1H, d), 7.25 (2H, d), 7.35 (1H, t).  5-14 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.24-2.34 (1H, m), 2.53-2.61 (1H, m), 2.67-2.87 (2H, m), 3.06 (2H, dd), 3.67 (2H, dd), 7.24-7.43 (7H, m).  5-15 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.22-2.32 (1H, m), 2.49-2.58 (1H, m), 2.98-3.08 (1H, m), 3.20-3.29 (2H, m),  5-16 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.35-2.44 (1H, m), 2.60-2.68 (1H, m), 2.72-2.85 (2H, m), 3.16 (2H, dd), 3.68 (2H, dd), 7.28-7.34 (5H, m), 7.46 (1H, t), 7.55-7.60 (2H, m), 7.66 (1H, s).  5-17 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.32-2.41 (1H, m), 2.55-2.65 (1H, m), 2.98-3.07 (1H, m), 3.21-3.33 (2H, m), 3.82 (1H, d), 7.47-7.62 (4H, m).  5-18 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.29-2.40 (1H, m), 2.63-2.77 (2H, m), 2.88-2.96 (1H, m), 3.09 (1H, d), 3.16 (1H, d), 3.62 (1H, d), 3.76 (1H, d, J = 13.0 Hz), 7.28-7.34 (5H, m), 7.83 (1H, s), 7.89 (2H, s).  5-19 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.30-2.39 (1H, m), 2.61-2.70 (1H, m), 3.02-3.10 (1H, m), 3.24-3.33 (2H, m), 3.86 (1H, d), 7.81 (2H, s) 7.87 (1H, s).  5-24 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.35-2.44 (1H, m), 2.63-2.90 (3H, m), 3.17 (2H, s), 3.69 (2H, dd), 7.26-7.34 (5H, m), 7.53 (1H, t), 7.74 (1H, d), 8.18 (1H, dq), 8.34 (1H, s).  5-25 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.34-2.43 (1H, m), 2.59-2.69 (1H, m), 3.01-3.10 (1H, m), 3.24-3.35 (2H, m), 3.85 (1H, d), 7.57 (1H, t), 7.72 (1H, d), 8.20-8.27 (2H, m).  5-26 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.31-2.42 (7H, m), 2.55-2.63 (1H, m), 2.75-2.80 (2H, m), 3.11 (2H, dd), 3.67  5-27 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.29-2.38 (7H, m). 2.51-2.60 (1H, m), 2.97-3.07 (1H, m), 3.21-3.31 (2H, m), 6-1 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.34 (6H, s), 5.78-5.80 (1H, m), 6.03-6.04 (1H, m), 7.20 (2H, s). 7-1 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.52-2.63 (1H, m), 2.88-2.96 (1H, m), 3.60-3.77 (2H, m), 4.00 (1H, d), 4.18- 4.07 (2H, m). 4.48 (1H, d); 6.16 (1H, t), 6.43 (1H, d), 7.30 (2H, d), 7.39 (1H, t), 7.95 (1H, dd), 8.62 7-2 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.52-2.62 (1H, m), 2.87-2.96 (1H, m), 3.59-3.75 (2H, m), 4.01 (1H, d), 4.48 (1H, d), 4.75 (2H, d), 6.43 (1H, d), 7.25-7.20 (1H, m), 7.31 (2H, d), 7.39 (1H, t), 7.47 (1H, s), 7.69 7-3 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.49-2.57 (1H, m), 2.60 (3H, s), 2.84-2.92 (1H, m), 3.59-3.70 (2H, m), 3.95- 4.15 (3H, m), 4.45(1H, d), 5.94 (1H, br s), 6.23 (1H, d), 7.26-7.39 (4H, m), 7.58 (1H, d) 7-7 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.54-2.61 (1H, m), 2.89-2.94 (1H, m), 3.65-3.68 (2H, m), 3.94-3.98 (1H, m), 4.10-4.16 (2H, m), 4.45-4.48 (1H, m), 6.37-6.40 (1H, m), 7.23-7.38 (4H, m), 8.12-8.15 (1H, m)  7-25 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.54-2.61 (1H, m), 2.88-2.92 (1H, m), 3.64-3.70 (2H, m), 3.98 (1H, d), 4.44 (1H, d), 4.73 (2H, d), 6.54 (1H, d), 7.14-7.40 (6H, m), 7.69-7.74 (2H, m), 8.52 (1H, d)  7-26 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.53-2.63 (1H, m), 2.88-2.96 (1H, m), 3.68-3.71 (2H, m), 4.05-4.16 (3H, m), 4.45 (1H, d), 6.03 (1H, br s), 6.55 (1H, d), 7.24-7.37 (4H, m), 7.72 (1H, d)  8-23 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.55-2.65 (1H, m), 2.92-2.97 (1H, m), 3.69-3.77 (2H, m), 3.97-4.01 (1H, m), 4.47-4.51 (1H, m), 4.75 (2H, d), 6.62 (1H, s) 7.24-7.36 (6H, m) 7.68-7.70 (1H, m) 8.51-8.52 (2H,  8-24 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.58-2.63 (1H, m), 2.93-2.97 (1H, m), 3.71-3.74 (2H, m), 3.96-4.09 (3H, m), 4.47-4.51 (1H, m), 6.42-6.44 (1H, m), 6.61 (1H, s), 7.30 (2H, s), 7.40 (1H, s), 8.41 (1H, s)  8-25 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.55-2.65 (1H, m), 2.91-2.97 (1H, m), 3.68-3.73 (2H, m), 3.97-4.01 (1H. m), 4.48-4.52 (1H, m), 5.74-5.77 (2H, m), 6.62 (1H, s), 7.20-7.37 (3H, m), 8.52 (1H, s) 11-47 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.37 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 2.55-2.66 (1H, m), 2.91-2.99 (1H, m), 3.73-3.75 (2H, m), 4.00-4.04 (1H, m), 4.36 (2H, q, J = 7.1 Hz), 4.49-4.54 (1H, m), 6.65 (1H, s), 7.30 (2H, s), 7.40 12-4  1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.52-2.62 (1H, m), 2.87-2.95 (1H, m), 3.61-3.75 (2H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 4.01 (1H, d), 4.50 (1H, d), 6.39 (1H, d), 7.31 (2H, s), 7.39 (1H, s), 8.06 (1H, dd), 8.84 (1H, d). 12-5  1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 2.61-2.72 (1H, m), 2.90-3.01 (1H, m), 3.57-3.66 (2H, m), 3.96 (1H, d), 4.49 (1H, d), 6.67 (1H, d), 7.65 (2H, s), 7.70 (1H, t), 7.97 (1H, dd), 8.66 (1H, d), 12.46 (1H, br s). 12-10 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.54-2.59 (1H, m), 2.87-2.95 (1H, m), 3.66-3.68 (2H, m), 3.88-3.97 (4H, m), 4.45-4.48 (1H, m), 6.30 (1H, d), 7.28-7.30 (2H, m), 7.39 (1H, s), 8.05-8.08 (1H, m)

BIOLOGICAL TEST EXAMPLE 1 Test for Larvae of Spodoptera litura

Solvent: 3 parts by weight of dimethylformamide, Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether

To prepare a suitable active compound, 1 part by weight of the active compound is mixed with the above amount of the solvent containing the above amount of the emulsifier, and the mixture is diluted with water, to the prescribed concentration.

Leaves of batata are immersed in the sample solution diluted with water to a prescribed concentration and, after the solution depositing on leaves is air-dried, the resultant leaves are put in a laboratory dish of 9 cm in diameter, into which 10 of third stage larvae of Spodoptera litura are then released, and the dish is then put in a temperature controlled room at 25° C., followed by addition of leaves of batata to the dish on the second day and fourth day and investigation of the number of dead insects after 7 days to calculate the insecticidal ratio.

The results are the averages of two laboratory dishes per group in this test.

Compounds Nos.1-3, 1-4, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, 1-10, 1-11, 1-12, 1-14, 1-15, 1-16, 1-22, 1-23, 1-25, 1-54, 1-55, 1-56, 1-57, 1-63, 1-73, 1-75, 1-81, 1-83, 1-85, 1-86, 1-87, 1-88, 1-90, 1-91, 1-93, 2-8, 2-23, 2-29, 2-40, 2-41, 3-3 and 3-4 showed 100% of death rate at a concentration of 100 ppm of the active compound.

BIOLOGICAL TEST EXAMPLE 2 Test for Tetranychus urticae (Spraying Test)

To prepare an appropriate formulation of an active compound, 1 part by weight of the active compound is mixed with the aforementioned amount of the solvent containing the aforementioned amount of the emulsifier, and the mixture is diluted to a prescribed concentration with water.

50 to 100 adult mites of Tetranychus urticae are inoculated to leaves of kidney bean at two-leaf stage planted in a pot of 6 cm in diameter. One day after, an ample amount of the diluted aqueous solution of the prescribed concentration of an active compound is sprayed with a spray gun. After the spraying, the pot is kept in a greenhouse for 7 days, and the acaricidal rate is calculated using the following evaluation citeriae:

Acaricidal rate 100 all mites inoculated are dead 98 1 to 4 mites survived/propagated 90 5 to 20 mites survived/propagated 60 Many mites survived/propagated, but less than the untreated control, some dead bodies are observed 0 No difference from the untreated control was observed

Compounds Nos.1-3, 1-4, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, 1-10, 1-12, 1-14, 1-15, 1-16, 1-17, 1-20, 1-22, 1-23, 1-25, 1-54, 1-55, 1-56, 1-57, 1-75, 1-81, 1-84, 1-86, 1-87, 1-90, 2-29, 3-3 and 3-4 showed an acaricidal rate of more than 98% at a concentration of 500 ppm of active compound.

BIOLOGICAL TEST EXAMPLE 3 Test for Aulacophora femoralis (Spraying Test)

Solvent: Dimethylformamide 3 parts by weight

Emulsifier: Polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether 1 part by weight

To prepare an appropriate formulation of an active compound, 1 part by weight of the active compound is mixed with the aforementioned amount of the solvent containing the aforementioned amount of the emulsifier, and the mixture is diluted to a prescribed concentration with water.

Leaves of cucumbers are soaked in a diluted aqueous solution of the prescribed concentration of an active compound prepared in the same manner as in the aforementioned tests, air-dried, and placed a plastic cup containing sterilized black soil. Into this cup, 5 larvae of Aulacophora femoralis at second instar are then released. After 7 days, the number of dead larvae is counted to calculate the death rate.

Compounds Nos. 1-3, 1-4, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, 1-10, 1-11, 1-12, 1-14, 1-15, 1-16, 1-17, 1-18, 1-20, 1-21, 1-22, 1-23, 1-24, 1-25, 1-54, 1-55, 1-56, 1-57, 1-60, 1-61, 1-80, 1-81, 1-85, 1-87, 1-88, 1-90, 1-91, 2-29, 3-3 and 3-4 showed 100% of death rate at a concentration of 100 ppm of the active compound.

BIOLOGICAL TEST EXAMPLE 4 Test Against Organic Phosphorus Agent- and Carbamate Agent-Resistant Myzus persicas

Solvent: Dimethylformamide 3 parts by weight

Emulsifier: Polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether 1 part by weight

To prepare an appropriate formulation of an active compound, 1 part by weight of the active compound is mixed with the aforementioned amount of the solvent containing the aforementioned amount of the emulsifier, and the mixture is diluted to a prescribed concentration with water.

About 30 to 50 adults of organic phosphorus agent- and carbamate agent-resistant Myzus persicae per seedling are inoculated to leaves of eggplants at two leaf stage cultured in a pot of 6 cm in diameter. One day after the inoculation, an ample amount of the diluted aqueous solution of the prescribed concentration of an active compound prepared in the same manner as in the aforementioned tests is sprayed with a spray gun. After the spraying, the pot is kept in a greenhouse at 28° C. for 7 days, the death rate is calculated. The test is duplicated.

Compounds Nos.1-7, 1-10, 1-14 and 1-16 showed 98% of death rate at a concentration of 500 ppm of the active compound.

BIOLOGICAL TEST EXAMPLE 5 Test for Ctenocephalides felis

Solvent: Dimethylformamide

In order to prepare an appropriate formulation of an active compound, 10 mg of the active compound is dissolved in 0.5 mL of the aforementioned solvent, and the mixture is diluted to a prescribed concentration with blood from domestic animals.

About 10 to 15 adults of Ctenocephalides felis were kept in a flea-specific container. Another container containing the blood solution containing the compound prepared as described above is covered with a laboratory film (PARAFILM (Trademark)). The blood containing container is turned upside down and placed on the flea-specific container. This system enables Ctenocephalides felis to suck the blood in the container. The blood solution is kept at 37° C. and the flea-specific container is kept at room temperature. After a certain period of time, the death rate of Ctenocephalides felis is calculated. For this test, the death rate of 100% means death of all Ctenocephalides felis, while the death rate of 0% means that all the fleas survived.

In this biological test, the compound 1-16 showed more than 80% of death rate at a concentration of 100 ppm of the active ingredient.

BIOLOGICAL TEST EXAMPLE 6 Test for Boophilus microplus

Solvent: Dimethylformamide

In order to prepare an appropriate formulation of an active compound, 10 mg of the active compound is dissolved in 0.5 mL of the aforementioned solvent, and the mixture is diluted to a prescribed concentration with water.

A solution of a compound formulated as above is injected into 5 fully fed adult female Boophilus microplus in their abdomen. These Boophilus microplus are transferred to a replica dish and kept in an incubating cabinet for a certain period of time.

After a certain period of time, the death rate of Boophilus microplus is calculated. In this test, the death rate of 100% means death of all Boophilus microplus, while the death rate of 0% means that all the mites survive.

In the above biological test, the compound 1-16 showed more than 80% of death rate at a dose of 20 μg/animal of the active ingredient.

BIOLOGICAL TEST EXAMPLE 7 Test for Lucillia cuprina

Solvent: Dimethylformamide

In order to prepare an appropriate formulation of an active compound, 10 mg of the active compound is dissolved in 0.5 mL of the aforementioned solvent, and the mixture is diluted to a prescribed concentration with water.

About 20 to 30 larvae of Lucillia cuprina are placed into a test tube containing 1 cm3 of minced horsemeat and 0.5 mL of an aqueous solution of a compound prepared as above.

After a certain period of time, the death rate of Lucillia cuprina is calculated. For this test, the death rate of 100% means death of all Lucillia cuprina, while the death rate of 0% means that all the flies survived.

In this biological test, the compound 1-16 showed more than 80% of death rate at a concentration of 100 ppm of the active ingredient.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 1 Granules

To a mixture containing 10 parts of a compound according to the invention, namely compound No.1-3, 30 parts of bentonite (montmorillonite), 58 parts of talc and 2 parts of ligninsulfonic acid salt is added 25 parts of water, and the mixture is well kneaded and granulated with 10 to 40 meshes by an extruding granulator and dried at 40 to 50° C. to obtain granules.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 2 Granules

95 parts of clay mineral granules having particle diameter distribution within the range of 0.2 to 2 mm, which is put into a rotary mixer, are wetted evenly by spraying of 5 parts of the compound according to the invention, namely compound No.1-3 together with a liquid diluent under rotating condition and dried at 40 to 50° C. to obtain granules.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 3 Emulsions

30 parts of the compound according to the invention, namely compound No.1-3, 55 parts of xylene, 8 parts of polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether and 7 parts of calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate are mixed together to obtain the emulsion.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 4 Wettable Agent

15 parts of the compound according to the invention, namely compound No. 1-3, 80 parts of a mixture of white carbon (hydrated amorphous silicon oxide fine powder) and powdered clay (1:5), 2 parts of sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate and 3 parts of sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate-formalin condensate are mixed together and the mixture is crushed to obtain water dispersible powder.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 5 Wettable Granules

20 parts of the active compound according to the invention, namely compound No.1-3, 30 parts of sodium ligninsulfonate, 15 parts of bentonite and 35 parts of calcined diatomaceous earth powder are well mixed, and after addition of water, which is then extruded with a screen of 0.3 mm and dried to obtain water-dispersible granules.

INDUSTRIAL AVAILABILITY

Novel aryl pyrrolidines of the invention have an excellent insecticidal action as insecticides as shown in above examples. 

1-7. (canceled)
 8. A compound of formula (IIa)

wherein X which may be same or different, represents halogen, haloalkyl, nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, cyano, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylthio, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, alkylcarbonylamino, haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, haloalkoxycarbonylamino, alkylsulfonylamino or haloalkylsulfonylamino; T¹ represents hydrogen or benzyl, Hal-R represents haloalkyl and p represents 1, 2, 3, 4 or
 5. 9-10. (canceled)
 11. A method for the preparation of a compound of general formula (I)

wherein X which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; Y which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; R represents C₁₋₁₂ alkyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl; m represents 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; n represents 0, 1, 2, or 4; G is selected from the group consisting of

or a group selected from G1 to G9:

wherein R¹ and R² each independently represents hydrogen; optionally substituted C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl or CH₂—R⁷; or when taken together represent C₂₋₆ alkylene; R³ and R⁴ each independently represents hydrogen, cyano; optionally substituted C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; or C₁₋₁₂ alkoxycarbonyl; or when taken together represent C₂₋₆ alkylene; l represents 1 or 2 or 3; R⁵ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₂ alkyl; optionally substituted C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; cyano; C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl; C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl; C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonyl; or CH₂—R⁷; R⁶ represents formyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl-carbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylaminocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylaminothio-carbonyl, dialkylamino-carbonyl having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, dialkylaminothio-carbonyl having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxyaminocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxyaminothiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxythiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ thioalkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ thioalkoxythiocarbonyl, CO—R⁷, CS—R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl; or R⁵ and R⁶ when taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a 3-6 membered ring which contains at least one N atom and, optionally at least another heteroatom selected from S and O, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with keto or thioketo; Z which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl or mercapto; k¹ represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; k² represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; k³ represents 0 or 1; k⁴ represents 0 or 1; R⁷ represents phenyl or a heterocyclic ring, which are optionally substituted with at least one substituent selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and C₁₋₁₂ alkyl; and A represents C or N; comprising reacting a compound of formula (II)

wherein X, R and m are as defined above, with a compound of formula (III) or formula (III-a)

wherein Y, A, G and n are as defined above, and L¹ is halogen or a C₁-C₄ haloalkylsulfonyloxy group.
 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the compound of formula (II) and formula (III) or formula (III-a) are reacted in the presence of a base or in the presence of at least one metal catalyst.
 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the metal catalyst is a transition metal catalyst selected from Pd₂(dibenzylidene acetone)₃, Pd₂(dibenzylidene acetone)₃CHCl₃, Pd(OAc)₂, CuI, or Cu₂O.
 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the reaction is performed in the presence of phosphine ligands selected from 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphtalene (BINAP), 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (Xantphos) tributylphosphine, or in the presence of amine ligands selected from 8-quinolinol, proline, or N,N-dimethylglycine.
 15. The method according to claim 14 wherein 1 mole of the compound of the formula (II) is reacted with 1 to 3 moles of the compound of the formula (III) or formula (III-a) in the presence of 1 to 3 moles of the base and catalytic amount of Pd₂(dibenzylidene acetone)₃CHCl₃ and Xantphos in toluene.
 16. The method according to claim 15 wherein the compound of formula (II) is 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine and the compound of formula (IIIa) is N-(4-bromo-2-methylbenzyl)acetamide.
 17. A compound of formula (III) or formula (III-a)

wherein Y which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; A represents C or N; G is selected from the group consisting of

or a group selected from G1 to G9:

wherein R¹ and R² each independently represents hydrogen; optionally substituted C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl or CH₂—R⁷; or when taken together represent C₂₋₆ alkylene; R³ and R⁴ each independently represents hydrogen, cyano; optionally substituted C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; or C₁₋₁₂ alkoxycarbonyl; or when taken together represent C₂₋₆ alkylene; l represents 1 or 2 or 3; R⁵ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₂ alkyl; optionally substituted C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; cyano; C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl; C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl; C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonyl; or CH₂—R⁷; R⁶ represents formyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl-carbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylaminocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylaminothio-carbonyl, dialkylamino-carbonyl having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, dialkylaminothio-carbonyl having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxyaminocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxyaminothiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxythiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ thioalkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ thioalkoxythiocarbonyl, CO—R⁷, CS—R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl; or R⁵ and R⁶ when taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a 3-6 membered ring which contains at least one N atom and, optionally at least another heteroatom selected from S and O, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with keto or thioketo; Z which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl or mercapto; k¹ represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; k² represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; k³ represents 0 or 1; k⁴ represents 0 or 1; R⁷ represents phenyl or a heterocyclic ring, which are optionally substituted with at least one substituent selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and C₁₋₁₂ alkyl; and n represents 0, 1, 2, or 4; and L¹ represents halogen or a C₁-C₄ haloalkylsulfonyloxy group.
 18. A method for the preparation of a compound of formula (II), comprising reacting a compound of the formula (XVI):

wherein X which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; m represents 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; R represents C₁₋₁₂ alkyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl; with N-benzyl-1-methoxy-N-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]methanamine in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a compound of formula (XVII):

wherein X, m and R are as defined above, and debenzylating the compound of formula (XVII) to obtain the compound of the formula (II).
 19. A compound of formula (XVI)

wherein X which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; m represents 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; and R represents C₁₋₁₂ alkyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl.
 20. A compound of formula (XVI-a) according to claim 19 represented by the formula

wherein T² and T³ independently represents alkyl.
 21. A method (b) for the preparation of a compound of general formula (I),

wherein X which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; Y which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; R represents C₁₋₁₂ alkyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl; m represents 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; n represents 0, 1, 2, or 4; G is selected from the group consisting of

or a group selected from G1 to G9:

wherein R¹ and R² each independently represents hydrogen; optionally substituted C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl or CH₂—R⁷; or when taken together represent C₂₋₆ alkylene; R³ and R⁴ each independently represents hydrogen, cyano; optionally substituted C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; or C₁₋₁₂ alkoxycarbonyl; or when taken together represent C₂₋₆ alkylene; l represents 1 or 2 or 3; R⁵ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₂ alkyl; optionally substituted C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; cyano; C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl; C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl; C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonyl; or CH₂—R⁷; R⁶ represents formyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl-carbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylaminocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylaminothio-carbonyl, dialkylamino-carbonyl having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, dialkylaminothio-carbonyl having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxyaminocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxyaminothiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxythiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ thioalkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ thioalkoxythiocarbonyl, CO—R⁷, CS—R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl; or R⁵ and R⁶ when taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a 3-6 membered ring which contains at least one N atom and, optionally at least another heteroatom selected from S and O, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with keto or thioketo; Z which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl or mercapto; k¹ represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; k² represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; k³ represents 0 or 1; k⁴ represents 0 or 1; R⁷ represents phenyl or a heterocyclic ring, which are optionally substituted with at least one substituent selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and C₁₋₁₂ alkyl; and A represents C or N; comprising reacting a compound of formula (IV) or formula (IV-a)

wherein X, Y, R, A, and m are as defined above, or reacting a compound of formula (V) or formula (V-a)

wherein X, Y, R, A, m and n are as defined above; and L² represents chlorine, bromine, C₁₋₄ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxycarbonyloxy or azolyl; with a compound of formula (VI):

wherein R¹ and R² are as defined above; optionally in the presence of a condensation agent, and in the presence of base.
 22. A compound of formula (IV) or (IV-a)

wherein X which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; Y which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; R represents C₁₋₁₂ alkyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl; A represents C or N; m represents 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or
 5. 23. A compound of formula (V) or (V-a)

wherein X which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; Y which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonyl amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; R represents C₁₋₁₂ alkyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl; A represents C or N; m represents 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; and L² represents chlorine, bromine, C₁₋₄ alkylcarbonyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxycarbonyloxy or azolyl.
 24. A method (e) for the preparation of a compound of formula (I)

wherein X which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; Y which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; A represents C or N; R represents C₁₋₁₂ alkyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl; m represents 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; n represents 0, 1, 2, or 4; G represents

wherein R³ and R⁴ each independently represents hydrogen, cyano; optionally substituted C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; or C₁₋₁₂ alkoxycarbonyl; or when taken together represent C₂₋₆ alkylene; l represents 1 or 2 or 3; R⁵ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₂ alkyl; optionally substituted C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; cyano; C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl; C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl; C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonyl; or CH₂—R⁷; R⁶ represents formyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl-carbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylaminocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylaminothio-carbonyl, dialkylamino-carbonyl having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, dialkylaminothio-carbonyl having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxyaminocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxyaminothiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxythiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ thioalkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ thioalkoxythiocarbonyl, CO—R⁷, CS—R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl; or R⁵ and R⁶ when taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a 3-6 membered ring which contains at least one N atom and, optionally at least another heteroatom selected from S and O, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with keto or thioketo; R⁷ represents phenyl or a heterocyclic ring, which are optionally substituted with at least one substituent selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and C₁₋₁₂ alkyl; comprising reacting a compound of formula (VIII) or formula (VIII-b):

wherein X, Y, R, R³, R⁴, A, l, m, and n are as defined above, and L³ represents chlorine, bromine, iodine, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyloxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonyloxy or azolyl with a compound of formula (IX):

wherein R⁵ and R⁶ are as defined above, optionally in the presence of base.
 25. A compound of formula (VIII) or formula (VIII-b):

wherein X which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; Y which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; R represents C₁₋₁₂ alkyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl; R³ and R⁴ each independently represents hydrogen, cyano; optionally substituted C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; or C₁₋₁₂ alkoxycarbonyl; or when taken together represent C₂₋₆ alkylene; A represents C or N; l represents 1 or 2 or 3; m represents 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; n represents 0, 1, 2, or 4; and L³ represents chlorine, bromine, iodine, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyloxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonyloxy or azolyl.
 26. A compound of formula (IX):

wherein R⁵ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₂ alkyl; optionally substituted C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; cyano; C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl; C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl; C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonyl; or CH₂—R⁷; R⁶ represents formyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl-carbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylaminocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylaminothio-carbonyl, dialkylamino-carbonyl having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, dialkylaminothio-carbonyl having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxyaminocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxyaminothiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxythiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ thioalkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ thioalkoxythiocarbonyl, CO—R⁷, CS—R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl; or R⁵ and R⁶ when taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a 3-6 membered ring which contains at least one N atom and, optionally at least another heteroatom selected from S and O, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with keto or thioketo.
 27. A method (f) for the preparation of a compound of formula (I)

wherein X which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; Y which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; A represents C or N; R represents C₁₋₁₂ alkyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl; m represents 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; n represents 0, 1, 2, or 4; G is selected from the group consisting of

or group selected from G1 to G9:

wherein R¹ and R² each independently represents hydrogen; optionally substituted C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl or CH₂—R⁷; or when taken together represent C₂₋₆ alkylene; R³ and R⁴ each independently represents hydrogen, cyano; optionally substituted C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; or C₁₋₁₂ alkoxycarbonyl; or when taken together represent C₂₋₆ alkylene; l represents 1 or 2 or 3; R⁵ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₂ alkyl; optionally substituted C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; cyano; C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl; C₂₋₁₂alkynyl; C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonyl; or CH₂—R⁷; R⁶ represents formyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl-carbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylaminocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylaminothio-carbonyl, dialkylamino-carbonyl having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, dialkylaminothio-carbonyl having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxyaminocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxyaminothiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxythiocarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ thioalkoxycarbonyl, C₁₋₁₂ thioalkoxythiocarbonyl, CO—R⁷, CS—R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl; or R⁵ and R⁶ when taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a 3-6 membered ring which contains at least one N atom and, optionally at least another heteroatom selected from S and O, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with keto or thioketo; Z which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl or mercapto; k¹ represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; k² represents 0, 1, 2 or 3; k³ represents 0 or 1; k⁴ represents 0 or 1; R⁷ represents phenyl or a heterocyclic ring, which are optionally substituted with at least one substituent selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and C₁₋₁₂ alkyl; comprising reacting a compound represented by formula (X) or formula (X-a):

wherein X, Y, R, R³, R⁴, R⁵, A, l, m and n are as defined above, with a compound of formula: R⁶-L⁴   (XI) wherein R⁶ is as defined above, and L⁴ represents fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C₁₋₄ alkyl-carbonyloxy, C₁₋₄ alkoxy-carbonyloxy, azolyl, C₁₋₄ alkylsulfonyloxy, C₁₋₄ haloalkylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonyloxy, optionally, in the presence of base.
 28. A compound of formula (X) or formula (X-a):

wherein X which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; Y which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; R represents C₁₋₁₂ alkyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl; R³ and R⁴ each independently represents hydrogen, cyano; optionally substituted C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; or C₁₋₁₂ alkoxycarbonyl; or when taken together represent C₂₋₆ alkylene; R⁵ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₂ alkyl; optionally substituted C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl; C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; cyano; C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl; C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl; C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonyl; or CH₂—R⁷; R⁷ represents phenyl or a heterocyclic ring, which are optionally substituted with at least one substituent selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and C₁₋₁₂ alkyl; A represents C or N; l represents 1 or 2 or 3; m represents 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; and n represents 0, 1, 2, or
 4. 29. A method for the preparation of a compound of formula (X) or formula (X-a) as defined in claim 27, wherein R³, R⁴ and R⁵ represent hydrogen, comprising reducing a nitrile compound represented by formula (XXIV) or formula (XXIV-a):

wherein X, Y, R, m and n are as defined in claim
 28. 30. A compound of formula (XXIV) or formula (XXIV-a):

wherein X which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; Y which may be same or different, represents halogen, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl, nitro, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy, C₁₋₁₂ alkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylthio, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfinyl, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, amino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylcarbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylcarbonylamino, benzoylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ haloalkoxy-carbonylamino, C₁₋₁₂ alkylsulfonylamino or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkylsulfonylamino; R represents C₁₋₁₂ alkyl or C₁₋₁₂ haloalkyl; m represents 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; and n represents 0, 1, 2, or
 4. 